Vaccines do not cause bacterial resistance
Scientific evidence supports the position that vaccines do not cause bacterial resistance; rather, by preventing infections and reducing antibiotic usage, vaccines are a key tool in combating antimicrobial resistance.
The retrieved literature consistently shows that vaccines reduce the incidence of bacterial infections and subsequent antibiotic use, thereby helping to curb antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rather than causing it. While studies note the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes or lineage shifts following vaccine introduction (serotype replacement), this ecological adaptation is distinct from vaccines inducing drug resistance de novo. Multiple recent reviews and epidemiological studies emphasize that vaccines act as a complementary strategy against AMR by lowering infection rates and limiting selection pressure.
Andrea Maugeri, Martina Barchitta, Antonella Agodi. Vaccination coverage in Italian children and antimicrobial resistance: an ecological analysis. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-022-01173-0
Vaccination coverages are inversely related to antimicrobial resistance proportions for multiple pathogen-antibiotic combinations.
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Sarra Dhraief, K. Meftah, Samar Mhimdi, Houyem Khiari, Firas Aloui, A. Borgi, S. Haddad-Boubaker, A. Brik, K. Menif, Amel Kechrid, Aida Bouafsoun, H. Smaoui. Epidemiological and bacterial profile of childhood meningitis in Tunisia.. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1556/030.2024.02208
Conjugate vaccines help decrease antimicrobial resistance by reducing the overall incidence of bacterial infections.
Gordon Dougan, Emily Hugo-Webb. Impact of vaccines on antimicrobial resistance.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.002050
Vaccines combat antimicrobial resistance by preventing infections and limiting the unnecessary antibiotic use that drives resistance.
Philippe Buchy, Sibel Ascioglu, Yves Buisson, Sanjoy Datta, Michael Nissen, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, Sirenda Vong. Impact of vaccines on antimicrobial resistance.. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2019.10.005
Vaccines are less likely than antibiotics to induce resistance and help reduce antimicrobial resistance by preventing infections.
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