Evidence consistently shows that using laptops and other digital devices in the classroom can cause distraction and divided attention, which negatively impacts student learning, cognitive processing, and academic performance.
The retrieved papers include strong empirical studies (such as Sana et al., 2018, and Akçayır et al., 2017) demonstrating that using laptops or mobile devices for non-academic multitasking or digital distraction during lectures impairs student attention and exam performance. No papers refute this claim.