Topical diclofenac produces measurable systemic effects in the body
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
confidence 92/100
Topical diclofenac is absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes, leading to detectable, measurable systemic concentrations and corresponding pharmacokinetic profiles.
Evidence for · 4
Advances in NSAID Development: Evolution of Diclofenac Products Using Pharmaceutical Technology
2015 · cited by 497
This review notes that topical formulations of diclofenac are specifically designed to minimize, rather than entirely eliminate, systemic absorption.
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More for · 3
Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
2012 · cited by 94
This study discusses approved topical diclofenac preparations and highlights that while systemic concentrations are minimized compared to oral forms, transdermal absorption still occurs.
Topical skin penetration of diclofenac after single- and multiple-dose application
2004 · cited by 40
Using in vivo microdialysis, this study detected measurable plasma and tissue concentrations of diclofenac following topical application.
Systemic absorption and adverse ocular and systemic effects after topical ophthalmic administration of 0.1% diclofenac to healthy cats
2015 · cited by 11
This study in cats demonstrates that topical administration (ophthalmic) results in detectable systemic concentrations of diclofenac and measurable systemic physiological effects.