Tonic and phasic firing represent distinct patterns of neuronal action potential generation
Multiple electrophysiological studies confirm that tonic and phasic firing represent distinct patterns of neuronal action potential generation driven by differing intrinsic properties and ion channel configurations.
The retrieved literature robustly supports the claim that tonic and phasic firing are distinct patterns of action potential generation, detailing the specific intrinsic membrane properties, ion channels, and developmental stages associated with each.
Chan RJ, Wang LY. Input-Specific Organization of Intrinsic Excitability Expands Coding Capacity of Fast-Spiking Auditory Neurons.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2305-24.2025
Paper 0 describes neurons that display distinct phasic and tonic firing patterns supported by different intrinsic excitability and potassium conductances.
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Eberhardt E, Namer B, Neureiter A, Körner J, Jørum E, Kurth I, Winner B, Lampert A. Spontaneous activity in pain patient stem cell-derived sensory neurons arises from one functional subclass.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003865
Paper 1 distinguishes functional neuronal subclasses based specifically on whether they exhibit tonic versus other firing behaviors.
Toyoda H. Developmental electrophysiological changes in mouse mesencephalic trigeminal neurons.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2026.138624
Paper 2 documents developmental electrophysiological changes where mesencephalic trigeminal neurons exhibit distinct phasic and tonic firing modes.
Ricci C, Sánchez Triviño CA, Rangaswamy U, Tortella L, Sanges R, Boccaccio A, Menini A. Immature olfactory sensory neurons are intrinsically excitable and show maturation-dependent changes in voltage-gated Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> currents.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-026-03159-y
Paper 3 notes that immature olfactory sensory neurons fire only with phasic patterns, whereas mature neurons exhibit both phasic and tonic repetitive firing.
Fernandes SQ, Kothare MV. A compartmental model for simulating the gut-brain axis in gastric function regulation.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1727491
Paper 6 models stomach motor regions with distinct tonic and phasic functional activities.
David A Brown, Gayle M Passmore. Neural KCNQ (Kv7) channels.. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00111.x
Paper 9 discusses how certain channel modulators convert neuronal firing from phasic to tonic.
Jose Luis Nieto-Gonzalez, Livia Carrascal, Pedro Nunez-Abades, Blas Torres. Phasic and tonic firing properties in rat oculomotor nucleus motoneurons, studied in vitro.. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05516.x
Paper 10 investigates the intrinsic membrane properties supporting distinct phasic and tonic firing properties in motoneurons.
Lei Wang, Pei-Ji Liang, Pu-Ming Zhang, Yi-Hong Qiu. Ionic mechanisms underlying tonic and phasic firing behaviors in retinal ganglion cells: a model study.. 2014. https://doi.org/10.4161/chan.28012
Paper 11 models the distinct ionic mechanisms that underlie tonic and phasic firing behaviors in retinal ganglion cells.
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