There is a biological relation between brain physiology and gender identity
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
confidence 77/100
Extensive neuroimaging, genetic, and endocrinological research demonstrates a biological relation between brain physiology and gender identity, showing that transgender individuals often exhibit distinct brain phenotypes that differ from cisgender controls.
Evidence for · 6
The neurobiology and neurocognition of gender dysphoria
2023 · cited by 1
Neuroimaging and neurobiological studies show distinct brain structures, volumes, and activation patterns associated with gender identity and gender dysphoria.
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More for · 5
Cortical structure and brain size in Thai transfeminine individuals with and without gender-affirming hormone use compared with cisgender heterosexual men, heterosexual women, and gay men.
2026 · cited by 0
Regional cortical thickness is associated with gender identity independently of sexual orientation, supporting a neurobiological basis.
Sexual differentiation of the human brain: relation to gender identity, sexual orientation and neuropsychiatric disorders.
2011 · cited by 0
Early developmental processes, such as prenatal hormonal surges, program brain structures related to gender identity.
Sexual differentiation of the human hypothalamus: Relationship to gender identity and sexual orientation.
2021 · cited by 0
Genetic, hormonal, and postmortem hypothalamic evidence supports the neurobiological theory of gender identity and gender dysphoria.
The Neuroanatomy of Transgender Identity: Mega-Analytic Findings From the ENIGMA Transgender Persons Working Group.
2021 · cited by 0
Large-scale mega-analytic neuroimaging findings demonstrate unique brain phenotypes in transgender individuals compared to cisgender controls.
Neuroimaging studies in people with gender incongruence.
2016 · cited by 0
Neuroimaging reviews indicate that brain phenotypes in transgender people show distinct structural features differing from their natal sex.