There are land animals that use gill-like organs instead of lungs
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Certain land-dwelling and semi-aquatic animals, such as terrestrial crabs and hermit crabs, utilize modified gills rather than lungs to breathe air on land.
Terrestrial crabs (brachyurans and anomurans) have invaded land following a variety of pathways from marine and/or via freshwater environments. This transition from water to land requires physiological, ecological, and behavioral adaptations to allow the exploitation of these new environmental conditions. Arguably, the management of salt and water balance (e.g., osmoregulation) is integral for their survival and success in an environment where predominantly low-salinity aquatic (e.g., freshwater) water sources are found, sometimes in only minimal amounts. This requires a suite of morphological and biochemical modifications, especially at the branchial chamber of semi-terrestrial and terrestrial crabs to allow reprocessing of urine to maximize ion uptake. Using knowledge gained from electrophysiology, biochemistry, and more recent molecular biology techniques, we present summarized updated models for ion transport for all major taxonomic groups of terrestrial crabs. This is an exciting and fast-moving field of research, and we hope that this review will stimulate further study. Terrestrial crabs retain their crown as the ideal model group for studying the evolutionary pathways that facilitated terrestrial invasion.
shell. Coconut crabs have organs known as branchiostegal lungs, which they use for breathing instead of their vestigial gills. After the juvenile stage
The coconut crab (Birgus latro) is a terrestrial species of giant hermit crab, and is also known as the robber crab or palm thief. It is the largest living terrestrial arthropod, with a weight up to 4.1 kg (9 lb). The distance from the tip of one leg to the tip of another can be as wide as 1 m (3 ft 3 in). It is found on islands across the Indian and Pacific Oceans, as far east as the Gambier Isla
The coconut crab (Birgus latro) is a terrestrial species of giant hermit crab, and is also known as the robber crab or palm thief. It is the largest living terrestrial arthropod, with a weight up to 4.1 kg (9 lb). The distance from the tip of one leg to the tip of another can be as wide as 1 m (3 ft 3 in). It is found on islands across the Indian and Pacific Oceans, as far east as the Gambier Islands, Pitcairn Islands, and Caroline Island, and as far west as Zanzibar.…
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A gill (/ɡɪl/ ) is a specialized respiratory organ that many aquatic animals use for aquatic gas exchange, i.e. to extract dissolved oxygen from water
A gill ( ) is a specialized respiratory organ that many aquatic animals use for aquatic gas exchange, i.e. to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. Branchia (pl.: branchiae, from Ancient Greek βράγχια) is the zoologists' academic name for gills.
The gills of some semi-aquatic clades (e.g. crabs, terrestrial hermit crabs and amphibious fishes), have also adapted to allo
A gill ( ) is a specialized respiratory organ that many aquatic animals use for aquatic gas exchange, i.e. to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. Branchia (pl.: branchiae, from Ancient Greek βράγχια) is the zoologists' academic name for gills.
The gills of some semi-aquatic clades (e.g. crabs, terrestrial hermit crabs and amphibious fishes), have also adapted to allow air respiration (breathing) on land provided the gills are kept moist. In some terrestrial chelicerates species (tetrapulmonates such as spiders and scorpions), their ancestral gills have evolved into fully air-breathing book lungs. In some planktivorous bony fish species (e.g. silver and bighead carps), the gills are also used as a filter feeding organ via comb-like projections called gill rakers.
The microscopic structure of a gill presents a large surface area in contact with the external environment, which allows optimal diffusion. With the exception of some aquatic insects, the gills of aquatic animals have filaments and lamellae (folds) that contain blood vessels or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged into and out of blood/hemolymph through the thin gill walls before being distributed by the circulatory system to other parts of the body. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including molluscs, crustaceans, xiphosurans, aquatic insects, polychaetes and most aquatic vertebrates (fish and amphibian tadpoles). Semi-terrestrial marine animals such as crabs and mudskippers have gill chambers in which they store water, enabling them to temporarily survive on the reservoir of dissolved oxygen when they are on land.
observing, that in their structure, they are principally distinguished from land - animals , by having red cold blood, and instead of lungs , either gills or branchiæ
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