The volumes or weights of two mixed liquids do not always sum additively due to intermolecular packing
The volumes of mixed liquids frequently exhibit nonadditive behavior, resulting in positive or negative excess molar volumes due to intermolecular interactions and packing effects.
The claim is specific, empirical, and testable. Multiple retrieved studies report non-ideal volumetric behavior (excess molar volumes) in various mixed liquid systems, directly confirming that liquid volumes do not always sum additively and attributing this to molecular packing and intermolecular forces.
Almasi M, Vatanparast M, Noubigh A. Investigation of propyl ethanoate + C<sub>6</sub>-C<sub>10</sub> 1-alkanols: experimental properties, molecular dynamics, and quantum chemical insights.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra01677d
Paper 0 demonstrates nonadditive mixing behaviors resulting from excess molar volumes and free volume changes driven by intermolecular packing and hydrogen bonding in ester-alkanol mixtures.
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Rahman KMG, Hossain M, Susan MABH. Molecular-level interactions governed by temperature and composition in double salt ionic liquid-water systems.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra00801a
Paper 1 shows non-ideal volumetric behavior and altered free volume through disrupted packing in ionic liquid-water systems.
Warmińska D, Sutkowska A, Jamrógiewicz M, Cysewski P. Dissecting Molecular Interactions in Aqueous Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Multi-Scale Study of Choline- and Acetylcholine-Based Propylene Glycol Isomers.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5c08377
Paper 5 highlights that excess molar volumes in aqueous deep eutectic solvents stem from intermolecular forces and molecular packing effects.
Dhage KS, Bhoite RN, Pagar NS, Musale SP. Thermophysical and Transport Properties of Ethanolammonium Carboxylate Protic Ionic Liquids in Water and Dimethyl Sulfoxide.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c13309
Paper 7 reports nonadditive volume changes (negative excess molar volumes) governed by intermolecular packing and molecular interactions in binary ionic liquid mixtures.
Indra Bahadur. Excess molar volume and isentropic compressibility for binary or ternary ionic liquid systems. https://doi.org/10.51415/10321/559
Paper 8 discusses ternary and binary excess molar volumes attributed to packing effects and intermolecular interactions.
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