The Qing Confucian's annotation, either advocated Han Confucianism, or followed Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi, also have others who like to stand on their own and reject others' annotation. However, there are few Confucian of them who's statement is not only based on solid evidence, but also those opinions unrevealed by senior scholars. Liu Yuan can be one of them. This article takes the history of Confucian classics and the history of thought as the background, and starts with the analysis of Liu Yuan's main Confucian Classical works of interpretation, "the plain annotation to the Thirteen Classics". By re-discussing the relationship between the Han school and the Song school which both in Qing Confucian classics, we can find that the value and significance of Liu Yuan's view of Confucian classic in the history of Confucian classics. And according to it, we can discuss deeply Liu Yuan's "Judging hundreds of annotations by the Dao of the sage" and the two important concepts behind it. 中谷伸生教授古稀記念号

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. 漢宋調和論是介於乾嘉漢學與晚清今文學兩大思潮的中介，支持者多以兼采漢宋學所長爲説。然而落實在經典詮釋中，仍往往執此御彼，各有所偏。丁晏雖標榜“以漢學通宋學”的學術方法，但其《左傳杜解集正》的詮釋方針，實質上卻是“以宋學正漢學”，形成“主觀考據”的學術模式。雖然背離了百年以來的漢學傳統，卻給晚清今文經學在方法論上的啓示。 The theory of reconciling Han Learning and Song Learning debuted as a mediator of the Philologist School of the Qianlong-Jiaqing (1735-1820) era and the School of New Text of the late Qing (1840-1912) eras. Most of its proponents allegedly adopted the advantages of each school. However, notably in their exegeses of the Confucian classics, these scholars tended to be in favor of only one school. Although Ding Yan (1794-1875) declared “understanding Song Learning based on Han Learning,” in his Collective Commentaries on Du Yu’s Exegesis on the Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan Dujie jizheng), for example, he actually realized an academic mode of “subjectively textual” by “correcting the Han Learning based on Song Learning.” He went against the century-old tradition of Han Learning, but inspired the dimension of discourse on method for the later New Text Confucianism in Late Qing times.

During the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing dynasty, Fang Dongshu published the Hanxue Shangdui, which launched a fierce attack on the Han School and marked the open contentions between the Han and the Song schools. While defending the Song Learning, Fang attacked the shortcomings of the Han School, mainly in four aspects: the Han School’s methods of scholarship, various concepts of philosophy proposed by the Han-Learning scholars, the trivial and piecemeal character, and the heterodoxy of the Han School. Fang Dongshu criticized the Han-Learning scholars who paid attention only to the books and neglected the social affairs. Sharp and reasonable as it was, his criticism however seemed less objective, especially when he tried to use the emperor’s authority to threaten the Han School, which was beyond the range of the normal academic debates.