The mechanism of the Wittig reaction proceeds via oxaphosphetane intermediates
Extensive experimental and computational evidence confirms that the Wittig reaction proceeds via cyclic oxaphosphetane intermediates.
The retrieved papers consistently support the well-established mechanism of the Wittig reaction, demonstrating that it proceeds via oxaphosphetane intermediates (often bypassing betaines as discrete stable intermediates in salt-free conditions). There are no refuting papers.
Peter A. Byrne, D. Gilheany. The modern interpretation of the Wittig reaction mechanism.. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60105f
Reviews evidence showing that Li salt-free Wittig reactions proceed via oxaphosphetane as the first-formed and only intermediate.
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Chen Z, Nieves-Quinones Y, Waas JR, Singleton DA. Isotope effects, dynamic matching, and solvent dynamics in a Wittig reaction. Betaines as bypassed intermediates.. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja506497b
Indicates that the reaction involves cycloaddition leading to oxaphosphetane intermediates while bypassing betaines.
Borys AM, Rice EF, Nichol GS, Cowley MJ. The Phospha-Bora-Wittig Reaction.. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c06228
References the classical oxaphosphetane intermediate in the Wittig reaction when discussing analogous phospha-bora-Wittig reactions.
Jake Z. Essman, Eric N. Jacobsen. Enantioselective Potassium-Catalyzed Wittig Olefinations. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c00564
Notes that the olefination reaction proceeds via the formation of the oxaphosphetane adduct.
Farfán P, Gómez S, Restrepo A. Dissection of the Mechanism of the Wittig Reaction.. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.9b02224
Details how early interactions clamp the bonds to form oxaphosphetanes rather than stable betaines.
Arturo Espinosa Ferao. On the Mechanism of Trimethylphosphine-Mediated Reductive Dimerization of Ketones.. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02816
Describes the final homocoupling product forming through the oxaphosphetane intermediate.
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