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the claim
The immune system mounts a reaction to newly introduced proteins.
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
8 sources for · 0 against

Multiple sources and general immunological principles confirm that the immune system detects foreign or newly introduced proteins (such as antigens or neoantigens) and mounts a specific immune reaction against them.

Evidence for · 8
MHC-II neoantigens shape tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy
2019 · cited by 738
Discusses immune responses to tumour neoantigens, which are newly mutated proteins.
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The analysis

Judged against the evidence record for claims of this kind.

More for · 7
A reservoir of stem-like CD8+ T cells in the tumor-draining lymph node preserves the ongoing anti-tumor immune response
2021 · cited by 332
Discusses tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses to neoantigens in a mouse model.
Immunogenicity of Novel DosR Regulon-Encoded Candidate Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Three High-Burden Populations in Africa
2009 · cited by 157
Shows that recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein antigens evoke immune responses in humans.
The role of neoantigens in response to immune checkpoint blockade
2016 · cited by 156
States that neoantigens are mutations encoding proteins that cause the immune system to recognize and attack cells as foreign.
Safety and immunogenicity of novel modified vaccinia Ankara-vectored RSV vaccine: A randomized phase I clinical trial.
2020 · cited by 51
Demonstrates that a vaccine encoding novel viral surface proteins induces cellular and humoral immune responses.
Tumor antigenS heterogeneity and immune response-targeting neoantigens in breast cancer.
2019 · cited by 50
Notes that neoantigens generate specific immune reactions because they are absent in healthy tissues.
Wikipedia: Immune system
cited by 0
Reference article covering this claim directly
OpenAIRE: Reliability of agglutination test to detect alloantibodies in patients with repeated blood transfusion
2011 · cited by 0
Shows that blood transfusion recipients mount an immune response to newly introduced donor antigens.
Everything we examined (12) — 10 independent sources
This check searched the claim as stated. It did not run a separate search for evidence against it.
  1. Wikipedia: Immune systemreferencesame source L1supports
  2. Wikipedia: Proteinreferencesame source L1no side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  3. Book: Pharmacology for Nursing Care - E-Bookreferencesame source L2supportsnot shown: a book whose author and subject did not establish authority here
  4. Book: Pharmacology for Nursing Carereferencesame source L2supportsnot shown: a book whose author and subject did not establish authority here
  5. Book: Primary Eyecare in Systemic Diseasereferenceno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  6. OpenAIRE: Reliability of agglutination test to detect alloantibodies in patients with repeated blood transfusionpeer-reviewedsupports
  7. MHC-II neoantigens shape tumor immunity and response to immunotherapypeer-reviewedsupports
  8. A reservoir of stem-like CD8+ T cells in the tumor-draining lymph node preserves the ongoing anti-tumor immune responsepeer-reviewedsupports
  9. Immunogenicity of Novel DosR Regulon-Encoded Candidate Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Three High-Burden Populations in Africapeer-reviewedsupports
  10. The role of neoantigens in response to immune checkpoint blockadepeer-reviewedsupports
  11. Safety and immunogenicity of novel modified vaccinia Ankara-vectored RSV vaccine: A randomized phase I clinical trial.peer-reviewedsupports
  12. Tumor antigenS heterogeneity and immune response-targeting neoantigens in breast cancer.peer-reviewedsupports
The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked06 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 9306 Aug 2026
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