The Horwitz equation predicts the variability or precision of analytical measurements as a function of analyte concentration.

the verdict

SUPPORTED

the evidence backs this

Recorded sources

2 sources for · 0 against

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The Horwitz equation is widely utilized in analytical chemistry and collaborative studies to predict measurement precision and variability as a function of analyte concentration, forming the basis for metrics such as the HORRAT ratio.

The analysis

The retrieved papers include foundational references to the Horwitz formula and modified Horwitz equations for calculating expected relative standard deviations in interlaboratory method evaluations.

Evidence for · 2

A Simple Method for Evaluating Data from an Interlaboratory Study

Recorded source metadata

William Horwitz, Paul Britton, Stuart J Chirtel. A Simple Method for Evaluating Data from an Interlaboratory Study. 1998. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/81.6.1257

Paper [2] discusses evaluating interlaboratory studies by calculating the HORRAT ratio using the relative standard deviation calculated from the Horwitz formula.

Source citation format

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More for · 1

An Interlaboratory Comparison Study of Regulated and Emerging Mycotoxins Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry: Challenges and Future Directions of Routine Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis including Emerging Mycotoxins.

Recorded source metadata

Steiner D, Humpel A, Stamminger E, Schoeberl A, Pachschwoell G, Sloboda A, Swoboda C, Rigg J, Zhang D, Wang Y, Davis J, Sulyok M, Krska R, Quinn B, Greer B, Elliott CT, Dzuman Z, Hajslova J, Gschaider A, Fechner C, Forstner L, Varga E, Jedziniak P, Pietruszka K, Rudawska A, Malachová A. An Interlaboratory Comparison Study of Regulated and Emerging Mycotoxins Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry: Challenges and Future Directions of Routine Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis including Emerging Mycotoxins.. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14060405

Paper [9] describes analyzing data statistically by calculating a target standard deviation following a modified Horwitz equation.

Source citation format

The paper trail · every fact has a biography

first checked01 Aug 2026

judged → SUPPORTED · 8301 Aug 2026

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