Long (3–4 years) time series of the surface Gulf Stream position and near‐bottom flow south of Nova Scotia support earlier findings of a barotropic semimonthly periodicity in the region, a bimodal Gulf Stream path downstream of the New England Seamount Chain, and a seasonal shift in the Gulf Stream position. New results are (1) a marked reduction of the meridional shifts of the surface Gulf Stream when it is in its north position mode, (2) the semimonthly periodicity seeming to be related at times to the Mf tide (the most energetic long‐period tide), and (3) an energetic, highly coherent (but out of phase) motion with a near‐40‐day period in the surface Gulf Stream position and near‐bottom flow.

Knowledge of near-bottom ocean current velocities and especially their extreme values is necessary to understand geomorphology of the seafloor and composition of benthic biological communities and quantify mechanical energy dissipation by bottom drag. Direct measurements of near-bottom currents in deep ocean remain scarce because of logistical challenges. Here, we report the results of flow velocity and pressure fluctuation measurements at three sites with depths of 2573-4443 m in the area where the Gulf Stream interacts with the New England Seamounts. Repeated episodes of unexpectedly strong near-bottom currents were observed, with the current speed at 4443 m of more than 0.40 m/s. At 2573 m, current speeds exceeded 0.20 m/s approximately 5% of the time throughout the entire eight-week measurement period. The maximum flow speeds of over 1.10 m/s recorded at this site significantly surpass the fastest previously reported directly measured current speeds at comparable or larger depths. A strong correlation is found between the noise intensity in the infrasonic band and the measured current speed. The noise intensity and the characteristic frequency increase with the increasing current speed. Machine-learning tools are employed to infer current speeds from flow-noise measurements at the site not equipped with a current meter.

The Gulf Stream is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows through the Straits of Florida and up the eastern coastline of the United States, then veers east near 36°N latitude (North Carolina) and moves toward Northwest Europe as the North Atlantic Current. The process of western intensification causes the Gulf Stream to be a northward-accelerating c The Gulf Stream is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows through the Straits of Florida and up the eastern coastline of the United States, then veers east near 36°N latitude (North Carolina) and moves toward Northwest Europe as the North Atlantic Current. The process of western intensification causes the Gulf Stream to be a northward-accelerating current off the east coast of North America. Around 40°0′N 30°0′W, it splits in two, with the northern stream, the North Atlantic Drift, crossing to Northern Europe and the southern stream, the Canary Current, recirculating off West Africa. The Gulf Stream influences the climate of the coastal areas of the East Coast of the United States from Florida to southeast Virginia (near 36°N latitude), and to a greater degree, the climate of Northwest Europe. A consensus exists that the climate of Northwest Europe is warmer than other areas of similar latitude at least partially because of the strong North Atlantic Current. It is part of the North Atlantic Gyre. Its presence has led to the development of strong cyclones of all types, both within the atmosphere and within the ocean. A river of sea water, called the Atlantic North Equatorial Current, flows westwards off the coast of Central Africa. When this current interacts with the northeastern coast of South America, the current forks into two branches. One passes into the Caribbean Sea, while a second, the Antilles Current, flows north and east of the West Indies. These two branches rejoin north of the Straits of Florida. The trade winds blow westwards in the tropics, and the westerlies blow eastwards at mid-latitudes. This wind pattern applies a stress to the subtropical ocean surface with negative curl across the north Atlantic Ocean. The resulting Sverdrup transport is equatorward. Because of the conservation of potential vorticity caused by the northward-moving winds on the subtropical ridge's western periphery and the increased relative vorticity of northward-moving water, transport is balanced by a narrow, accelerating poleward current. This flows along the western boundary of the ocean basin, outweighing the effects…

The blue shark Prionace glauca is the most abundant large pelagic shark in the Atlantic Ocean. Although recaptures of tagged sharks have shown that the species is highly migratory, migration pathways towards the overwintering grounds remain poorly understood. We used archival satellite pop-up tags to track 23 blue sharks over a mean period of 88 days as they departed the coastal waters of North America in the autumn. Within 1–2 days of entering the Gulf Stream (median date of 21 Oct), all sharks initiated a striking diel vertical migration, taking them from a mean nighttime depth of 74 m to a

and organic exuviæ drifted from the polar circles, or perhaps brought by the gulf stream from the tropical shores of America. This remarkable sea bed

around the basin, and by terrigenous deposits from the adjacent shores and rivers. The Blake plateau, over which the Gulf stream sweeps north of the Bahamas