Presents an overview of global atmospheric problems relating to ozone depletion and global warming. Provides background information on the composition of the earth's atmosphere and origin of atmospheric ozone. Describes causes, effects, and evidence of ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect. A vignette provides a summary of a 1991 assessment of stratospheric ozone. (11 references) (MCO)

Volatile compounds are important substances for tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry. Anthropogenic sources of specific gases causing greenhouse effect, stratospheric ozone depletion, groundlevel ozone formation and aerosol formation are well known. Additionally, many natural sources, like oceans, wetlands and forests, have been investigated and assessed for their atmospheric impact previously. While emissions from natural sources are often affiliated to biotic mechanisms, model reactions demonstrated also the importance of abiotic reactions. As such furan formation from catechol was successfully accomplished in this work using Fenton chemistry with a well defined biomimetic bispidine Fe2+ complex. Furthermore, abiotic formation of ethylfuran from ethylcatechol was demonstrated. The work in hand also deals with the amalgamation of model reaction and the natural release of volatile compounds from Western Australian salt lakes and the Dead Sea. On the one hand, Fe2+ was determined as the predominant active iron species in most natural hypersaline ecosystems. On the other hand, the release of several aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons, furanoic compounds, sulfur and selenide containing compounds and halogenated compounds was investigated in correlation with geochemical parameters like pH, iron and organic carbon content. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene emissions, normally attributed to anthropogenic sources, correlated significantly with the iron content of Aust

Today, humanity is facing unprecedented environmental problems. Among them, the most dangerous are global climate change and the greenhouse effect, which are causing a continuous increase in Earth’s temperature due to excessive carbon dioxide emissions. This leads to rising sea levels and more frequent extreme weather events. Another serious problem is the depletion of the ozone layer, posing significant threats to human health and ecosystems. World oceans are increasingly polluted by plastic waste, oil spills, and industrial contaminants. Soil fertility is declining, and erosion is intensifyi

Tropospheric temperature rises due to the greenhouse effect could be beneficial at high latitudes where the present climate is cold. However the greenhouse effect reduces stratospheric temperature, which could affect the stratospheric ozone depletion. There are two types of ozone depletion. In the first one originally proposed by Molina and Rowland all participating substances are in the gas phase (homogeneous chemistry), but in the second one corresponding to the ozone hole participating substances are in the gas and solid or liquid phases (heterogeneous chemistry). Stratospheric cooling supp

Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Ozone Depletion, Greenhouse Gases, and Climate Change, held at the National Academy of Sciences, Mar. 23, 1988.

In order to study the potential climatic effects of the ozone hole more directly and to assess the validity of previous lower resolution model results, the latest high spatial resolution version of the Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., seasonal radiative dynamical climate model is used to simulate the climatic effects of ozone changes relative to the other greenhouse gases. The steady-state climatic effect of a sustained decrease in lower stratospheric ozone, similar in magnitude to the observed 1979-90 decrease, is estimated by comparing three steady-state climate simulations: 1) 1979 greenhouse gas concentrations and 1979 ozone, II) 1990 greenhouse gas concentrations with 1979 ozone, and III) 1990 greenhouse gas concentrations with 1990 ozone. The simulated increase in surface air temperature resulting from nonozone greenhouse gases is 0.272 K. When changes in lower stratospheric ozone are included, the greenhouse warming is 0.165 K, which is approximately 39% lower than when ozone is fixed at the 1979 concentrations. Ozone perturbations at high latitudes result in a cooling of the surface-troposphere system that is greater (by a factor of 2.8) than that estimated from the change in radiative forcing resulting from ozone depiction and the model's 2 x CO, climate sensitivity. The results suggest that changes in meridional heat transport from low to high latitudes combined with the decrease in the infrared opacity of the lower stratosphere are very important in de

The importance of stratospheric ozone depletion on the atmospheric circulation of the troposphere is studied with an atmospheric general circulation model, the Community Atmospheric Model, version 3 (CAM3), for the second half of the twentieth century. In particular, the relative importance of ozone depletion is contrasted with that of increased greenhouse gases and accompanying sea surface temperature changes. By specifying ozone and greenhouse gas forcings independently, and performing long, time-slice integrations, it is shown that the impacts of ozone depletion are roughly 2–3 times larger

The effect of ozone depletion on temperature trends in the tropical lower stratosphere is explored with an atmospheric general circulation model, and directly contrasted to the effect of increased greenhouse gases and warmer sea surface temperatures. Confirming and extending earlier studies we find that, over the second half of the 20th Century, the model's lower-stratospheric cooling caused by ozone depletion is several times larger than that induced by increasing greenhouse gases. Moreover, our model suggests that the response to different forcings is highly additive. Finally we demonstrate

Ozone-depleting halocarbons (OD-HCs) are potent greenhouse gases but can also cause radiative cooling by depleting stratospheric ozone. Previously, global climate models revealed substantial OD-HC-driven warming in the second half of the 20th century, with only partial offset by ozone loss. More recent estimates of OD-HC net effective radiative forcing (ERF), however, have raised the possibility of much larger cancellation from ozone depletion, questioning the climatic co-benefits of the Montreal Protocol, which led to the worldwide phase-out of OD-HCs. Here, analyzing several comprehensive chemistry-climate models with realistic stratospheric ozone depletion, we confirm that the OD-HC net ERF is extremely likely positive, with a best estimate of ~ 0.2 W m −2 for 2014, consistent with earlier estimates showing only a partial offset by ozone depletion. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that, had OD-HC emissions not occurred in the second half of the 20th century, global warming during that period would have been around 20% lower, confirming the critical co-benefit of the Montreal Protocol in mitigating global warming. Protocol in mitigating global warming.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) contained in household refrigerators consist mainly of CFC-11 and CFC-12, which will be eventually released into the environment. Consequentially, environmental releases of these refrigerants will lead to ozone depletion and contribute significantly to the greenhouse effect, if waste refrigerators are not disposed of properly. In the present paper, the potential release of residual CFCs and their substitutes from obsolete household refrigerators in China is examined, and their contributions to ozone depletion and greenhouse effect are compared with those of other rec

The Red and Black/Athenscape » Thursday. September 8, 1994 » 27 ♦.W.i.t/ *.M-V,VAV.V«V. P I* 0 b 1 e m S : The Greenhouse Effect; Water Pollution, Ozone Depletion; Soil Erosion; Acid Rain... Recycling Is Part Of The Solution - Get Involved MOH-REQUIRED READING. Cards with outrageous Urncrjust (or college students arui^et a KJOKl-^SMI^D K6flDlK)£j COLtd free, (wkile quantities last) amiable at: The University Bookstore (located next to the Tate Student Center) \l FIRST AMER bank and tM Buy Your Bread Where You Do Your Banking fTIOflEY moriEY mofiEv First American Bank has full service branches

dramatic effect on the absorption of infrared light. The lower band around 4,250 nanometers is within an infrared band that most other greenhouse gasses

natural greenhouse gases are water vapor (H2O), which actually traps more heat in the atmosphere than all the listed gases combined; and ozone (O3), a