trustme.bro/r/…
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the claim
The density of water is at its maximum at 4 degrees Celsius
the verdict
COMMON KNOWLEDGE
no citation needed for this one
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
no sources on either side

The fact that water reaches its maximum density at approximately 4 degrees Celsius is a well-established physical property of water and represents common knowledge that requires no citation.

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The analysis

The claim states a fundamental, well-known physical property of water (maximum density at 4°C), which is a matter of everyday scientific observation and physical definition. Per the instructions, trivial physical facts and common knowledge do not require citations, and the verdict COMMON_KNOWLEDGE should be returned without attaching papers.

Everything we examined (12)
We also searched for evidence AGAINST this claim, not only for it.
  1. Piezoelectric Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration: Roadmap from Dipole to Osteogenesis.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  2. Characteristics and Models of Moisture Uptake in Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Topical Review.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  3. Drivers of the extreme North Atlantic marine heatwave during 2023.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  4. Climate change and antimicrobial resistance: a global-scale analysis.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  5. Density at High Temperature; Thermal Expansionpeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  6. A physically guided hierarchical parameterization of a rigid three-site water model based on the density anomaly and the dipole moment.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  7. Beyond Conventional Cooling: Advanced Micro/Nanostructures for Managing Extreme Heat Flux.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  8. Evaluation of Selective Efficacy of Indocyanine Green-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy ICG-PDT in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Compared to Healthy Cells in a 3D Hollow Fiber Bioreactor Model.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  9. Phase behavior of single and multi-component liquid hydrocarbons in real reservoir rocks.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  10. Dengue Fever Resurgence in Iran: An Integrative Review of Causative Factors and Control Strategies.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  11. Violet/ultraviolet light-induced depassivation in halide perovskite solar cells.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  12. Reconstruction of interference and Hilbert structures from numerical models of the isotherm field in convective flows induced in a vertical layer of water by unsteady boundary conditionspeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked05 Aug 2026
judged → COMMON KNOWLEDGE · 9505 Aug 2026
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