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the claim

The Arrhenius equation applies exclusively to reactants in the gas state

the verdict
REFUTED
the evidence says no
Recorded sources
0 sources for · 4 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

The claim that the Arrhenius equation applies exclusively to reactants in the gas state is incorrect, as the equation is widely used to describe temperature-dependent reaction rates and relaxation processes in condensed phases, including liquids and solutions.

The analysis

The claim asserts that the Arrhenius equation is restricted solely to the gas state. However, numerous physical chemistry principles and empirical studies demonstrate its routine and successful application to liquid-phase reactions, solutions, conformational relaxations in glass-forming liquids, and surface adsorption processes. Therefore, the claim is definitively refuted by the literature.

Evidence against · 4
``Structure'' in Liquids and the Relation between the Parameters of the Arrhenius Equation for Reactions in the Condensed Phase
Recorded source metadata

Chas. E. Waring, Paul Becher. ``Structure'' in Liquids and the Relation between the Parameters of the Arrhenius Equation for Reactions in the Condensed Phase. 1947. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1746569

Paper [1] demonstrates the application of the Arrhenius equation to reactions in the condensed phase.

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More against · 3
Dielectric Spectroscopy Studies of Conformational Relaxation Dynamics in Molecular Glass-Forming Liquids.
Recorded source metadata

Romanini M, Macovez R, Valenti S, Noor W, Tamarit JL. Dielectric Spectroscopy Studies of Conformational Relaxation Dynamics in Molecular Glass-Forming Liquids.. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417189

Paper [2] discusses the use of the Arrhenius equation to study relaxation dynamics and activation energies in condensed-phase glass-forming liquids.

Alkaloid extract of seed Citrullus colocynthis as novel green inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in one molar HCl acid solution: DFT and MC/MD approaches.
Recorded source metadata

Doumane G, Bensalah J, Ouakki M, Aribou Z, Boussalem O, Mzioud K, Safi ZS, Berisha A, Bourhia M, Z Gaafar AR, Ibenmoussa S, Wondmie GF, Zarrouk A, Touhami ME, Habsaoui A. Alkaloid extract of seed Citrullus colocynthis as novel green inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in one molar HCl acid solution: DFT and MC/MD approaches.. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67011-y

Paper [4] utilizes Arrhenius-related concepts and temperature-dependent analyses to investigate corrosion inhibition processes in liquid acid solutions.

Valorization of ductile cast iron solid waste as a high-performance adsorbent for crystal violet removal: characterization, optimization, and mechanistic insights.
Recorded source metadata

Ibrahim IM, Turky AM, Mostafa NY, Roushdy MH. Valorization of ductile cast iron solid waste as a high-performance adsorbent for crystal violet removal: characterization, optimization, and mechanistic insights.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra02129h

Paper [8] applies thermodynamic and kinetic investigations involving activation parameters and reaction rates to adsorption processes in condensed aqueous environments.

The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked01 Aug 2026
judged → REFUTED · 801 Aug 2026
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