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the claim
Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs when the ground state does not share the symmetry of the Hamiltonian.
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
6 sources for · 0 against

Multiple authoritative physics sources confirm that spontaneous symmetry breaking describes situations where a physical system's Hamiltonian possesses a symmetry, but its ground state or vacuum solution fails to exhibit that same symmetry.

Evidence for · 6
Wikipedia: Spontaneous symmetry breaking
cited by 0
Reference article covering this claim directly
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The analysis

Judged against the evidence record for claims of this kind.

More for · 5
Cambridge University Press: The phases of quantum chromodynamics : from confinement to extreme environments
2004 · cited by 0
Notes that the solution of the system does not share the global symmetry of its energy expression (Hamiltonian).
Westview Press: Journeys beyond the standard model
cited by 0
Explicitly states that if the symmetry is present in the Hamiltonian but not on its ground state, it is termed spontaneous symmetry breaking.
World Scientific Pub. Co.: Dynamical gauge symmetry breaking : a collection of reprints
1982 · cited by 0
Discusses spontaneous symmetry breaking being lost or achieved, but focuses on gauge interactions rather than the general ground state definition.
Journal of High Energy Physics: Spontaneous symmetry breaking from anyon condensation
2019 · cited by 0
States that spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs when certain symmetries of the Hamiltonian fail to be preserved in the ground state.
OpenAIRE: General theory for discrete symmetry-breaking equilibrium states
2023 · cited by 0
States that spontaneous symmetry-breaking occurs when the system Hamiltonian is symmetric under a certain transformation, but the equilibrium/ground states are not.
Everything we examined (32) — 30 independent sources
This check searched the claim as stated. It did not run a separate search for evidence against it.
  1. Wikipedia: Spontaneous symmetry breakingreferencesame source L1supports
  2. Wikipedia: Hamiltonianreferencesame source L1no side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  3. Cambridge University Press: The phases of quantum chromodynamics : from confinement to extreme environmentsreferencesupports
  4. Westview Press: Journeys beyond the standard modelreferencesupports
  5. World Scientific Pub. Co.: Dynamical gauge symmetry breaking : a collection of reprintsreferencesupports
  6. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., Advanced Book Program: The Early universe-reprintsreferenceno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  7. Academic Press: Encyclopedia of modern physicsreferenceno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  8. McGraw-Hill: McGraw-Hill encyclopedia of physicsreferenceno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  9. CRC Press: Nano and molecular electronics handbookreferenceno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  10. Taylor & Francis: Handbook of nanophysics. Nanotubes and nanowiresreferenceno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  11. AIP Advances: PT symmetric dynamics in counter-rotating gyroscopic mechanical systemspeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  12. Journal of High Energy Physics: Spontaneous symmetry breaking from anyon condensationpeer-reviewedsupports
  13. Physical Review Research: Triggering boundary phase transitions through bulk measurements in two-dimensional cluster statespeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  14. OpenAIRE: P T Symmetry and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in a Microwave Billiardpeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  15. OpenAIRE: Spontaneous U(1) Symmetry Breaking in Coupled Bose Systempeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  16. OpenAIRE: Spontaneous symmetry breaking in models with second-class constraintspeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  17. OpenAIRE: Spontaneous symmetry breaking of (1+1)-dimensional $ϕ^4$ theory in light-front field theory (II)peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  18. OpenAIRE: Spontaneous symmetry breaking of (1+1)-dimensional $\phi^4$ theory in light-front field theory (II)peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  19. OpenAIRE: General theory for discrete symmetry-breaking equilibrium statespeer-reviewedsupports
  20. Phys.Rev.X: Symmetry and Topology in Non-Hermitian Physicspeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  21. Nature: Dicke quantum phase transition with a superfluid gas in an optical cavitypeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  22. Rev.Mod.Phys.: Colloquium: Atomic quantum gases in periodically driven optical latticespeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  23. Rev.Mod.Phys.: Cold atoms in cavity-generated dynamical optical potentialspeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  24. Phys.Rev.Lett.: Boundary Time Crystalspeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  25. NASA Technical Reports Server: Generalized parametric down conversion, many particle interferometry, and Bell's theoremprimary-datasame source L24no side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  26. NASA Technical Reports Server: Fifth International Conference on Squeezed States and Uncertainty Relationsprimary-datasame source L24no side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  27. No journal information: Tensor renormalization group approach to the $O(2)$ models via symmetry-twisted partition functionsprimary-datano side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  28. Physical Review Letters: Temporal entanglement transitions in the periodically driven Ising chainpeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  29. Quantum: Instability of steady-state mixed-state symmetry-protected topological order to strong-to-weak spontaneous symmetry breakingpeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  30. Physical Review. B: 3⁢𝑄 magnetic order with spatially alternating spin scalar chirality in overdoped C⁢o 0.336⁢ Ta⁢S 2peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  31. Physical Review. B: Indirect tunneling enabled spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking and Josephson diode effect in TiN/Al 2 ⁢O 3 /Hf 0.8 ⁢Zr 0.2 ⁢O 2 /Nb tunnel junctionspeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  32. Giant Number-Parity Effect Leading to Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Finite-Size Quantum Spin Models.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked05 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 7505 Aug 2026
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