raction is presented in Figure 1 . At the beginning, we have a primary task that needs to be focused on while we perceive all kinds of task-irrelevant distractions in the surrounding environment, including different types of sensory stimuli and task-unrelated thoughts generated within our minds ( Kandel et al., 2021 ; Wong et al., 2022 ). As we focused on our primary task, certain distractions are resisted within the distraction capacity and have no distractive influence on task performance. Such cognitive system explains how focused attention can be achieved and how the distractive influence of certain distractions is resisted. However, not all distractions can be continuously resisted by distraction capacity. The distractive influence of certain distractions may exceed the distraction capacity, inevitably leading to the conscious awareness of being distracted. Then the attention control system is involved for actively determining whether to ignore this distraction and re-focusing on primary task or relinquishing our focused attention on task and indulging our attention to focus on the perceived distraction. Deciding to re-focus on primary task represents the success of controlling attention and resisting distraction, whereas shifting attention to distraction is a representation of failing to control attention and resist distraction. Figure 1. Open in a new tab The cognitive process of distraction. Meanwhile, it is extremely important to note that the premise of proposed cognitive process of distraction, which is actively focusing on the primary task. In other words, distraction is only a problem when we need to achieve focused attention on a task. Otherwise, as Eyal (2019) mentioned, you cannot be distracted if you are entertaining. Without the need to focus on a task, the problem of distraction ceases to exist. Therefore, having such a premise is indispensable for understanding the cognitive process of distraction. The distraction capacity system In our daily liv