Specific indigenous populations inhabited California before American settlement peaked
Specific indigenous populations inhabited California long before European and American settlement, as demonstrated by archaeological and demographic studies.
The retrieved papers document the presence, demographics, and institutional complexity of Indigenous populations in California and North America prior to European contact.
Kelly RL, Mackie ME, Pelton SR, Robinson E. Spatiotemporal distribution of the North American Indigenous population prior to European contact.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419454122
Paper 6 specifically analyzes North American Indigenous populations prior to European contact and notes that California's indigenous population did not decline until after contact.
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Hamilton MJ, Walker RS, Buchanan B. Institutional complexity emerges from socioecological complexity in small-scale human societies.. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2024.0246
Paper 10 examines institutional complexity and indigenous lifestyles across western North America immediately prior to European colonization.
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