Specific components of cigarette smoke, such as aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are harmful to the bladder and strongly linked to urothelial bladder cancer progression and cellular damage.
Multiple studies demonstrate that components and extracts of cigarette smoke (including tobacco and e-cigarette smoke, as well as specific constituents like 4-aminobiphenyl) cause DNA damage, hyperplasia, and promote bladder cancer progression. There are no refuting studies in the provided set.