Space junk eventually falls back to Earth due to atmospheric drag
Space debris and satellites in low Earth orbit experience orbital decay and eventually fall back to Earth due to friction from atmospheric drag.
The retrieved literature includes specific studies examining the mechanics of atmospheric drag on low Earth orbit objects, causing orbital decay and loss of energy.
C F C Macêdo, E M Rocco. Evaluation of orbital decay of a satellite at low altitude due to atmospheric drag as a function of solar activity. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1365/1/012027
Evaluates how atmospheric drag causes artificial satellites in low Earth orbit to lose orbital energy and decay over time.
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Mutschler S, Pilinski M, Bruinsma S, Sutton E, Tobiska WK, Knipp D, Fang TW, Casali S, Mallik V, DiLorenzo B, Siemes C. A Survey of Current Operations-Ready Thermospheric Density Models for Drag Modeling in LEO Operations.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40295-025-00558-8
Discusses thermospheric density models used specifically for satellite drag modeling and orbital decay calculations in LEO.
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