Soyuz was the first Soviet spacecraft to utilize an internal docking tunnel for crew transfer.
the verdict
CONTESTED
contested - the weight sits with the supporting side
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
2 sources for · 0 against
AS REPORTEDno primary record reached; this is what the reporting says
The provided sources mention internal volume and a probe and drogue docking system, but do not provide sufficient historical documentation to establish whether Soyuz was the first Soviet spacecraft to utilize an internal docking tunnel for crew transfer.
... docking unit ) . 3.15 metres ; internal volume , 6.6 cubic metres ( although this includes volume that could not ... transfer into the station . Large items were connected to the supporting framework , while small items were ...
Rex Hall and Dave Shayler provide a unique history of the Soyuz spacecraft programme from conception, through development to its use, detailed in the only English language book available on this topic. Planned for publication in 2003, it will celebrate 40 years since the original concept of the Soyuz craft.
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Buka Google Play Sekarang » Soyuz : A Universal Spacecraft Rex Hall , David Shayler Springer Science & Business Media , 7 Mei 2003 - 460 halaman Rex Hall and Dave Shayler provide a unique history of the Soyuz spacecraft programme from conception, through development to its use, detailed in the only English language book available on this topic. Planned for publication in 2003, it will celebrate 40 years since the original concept of the Soyuz craft.
Pratinjau buku ini » Halaman terpilih Halaman xxxii Halaman 9 Halaman 100 Halaman 24 Halaman 46 Isi VI 3 VIII 9 IX 18 X 22 XI 25 XII 37 XIII 41 XIV 43 LIII 253 LIV 254 LV 256 LVII 266 LVIII 268 LIX 269 LX 272 LXI 273 Lengkap XV 48 XVI 76 XVII 77 XVIII 87 XIX 94 XX 98 XXI 107 XXII 113 XXIII 116 XXIV 119 XXVI 120 XXVII 130 XXVIII 138 XXIX 143 XXX 147 XXXI 156 XXXII 162 XXXIII 164 XXXIV 165 XXXV 169 XXXVII 171 XXXIX 172 XL 179 XLI 185 XLII 187 XLIII 193 XLIV 202 XLV 205 XLVI 217 XLVII 220 XLVIII 234 L 239 LII 244 LXIII 281 LXVI 283 LXVII 285 LXVIII 287 LXIX 289 LXX 292 LXXI 295 LXXII 300 LXXIII 307 LXXIV 309 LXXV 314 LXXVII 317 LXXIX 319 LXXX 323 LXXXI 334 LXXXII 335 LXXXIII 341 LXXXIV 350 LXXXV 363 LXXXVI 372 LXXXVIII 377 XC 381 XCI 387 XCII 390 XCIII 395 XCIV 399 XCV 401 XCVI 421 XCVII 443 XCVIII 447 XCIX 451 Hak Cipta Ringkas Istilah dan frasa umum aft port Aft-K Almaz American antenna Apollo approach ASTP astronauts attitude control back-up Baikonur Beregovoi Buran call-sign capsule cargo circumlunar Commander compartment completed cosmonaut team cosmonauts Cosmos craft crew-members de-orbit Descent Module design bureau docking port Dzhanibekov equipment ferry flew Flight Engineer flown hardware hatch Igla Kamanin Korolyov Kvant landing later launch vehicle lunar Lyakhov manoeuvres metres Moscow NASA NPO Energiya onboard Soyuz operations Orbital Module parachute payload planned pressure problem programme Progress propellant Propulsion re-entry recovery rescue resident crew RKK Energiya rocket Russian Salyut sensor Shatalov Shuttle simulator solar arrays Solovyov Soyuz 11 Soyuz 25 Soyuz 33 Soyuz 9 Soyuz launch vehicle Soyuz missions Soyuz spacecraft Soyuz T-8 Soyuz TM Soyuz TM-5 space station spaceflight Strekalov test flight thrusters Titov transfer undocked unmanned Vostok Zarya Zond Zvezda Bagian yang populer Halaman 132 - I am personally not completely convinced that the whole flight programme will be carried out successfully, but having said that, there are not enough reasons weighty enough to object to the flight.
the charging current is only 13-14 amps, and short-wave communications are not working. An attempt to turn the ship to the Sun did not succeed. I tried to turn the ship manually using the DO-1 [attitude control thrusters]. . . now the pressure in the DO-1 [tanks] has dropped to 180. Muncul dalam 3 buku dari 2000-2003 Halaman 432 - He was present at the landing site when the Soyuz 11 crew returned to Earth. Goreglyad retired in 1976 and died on 17 July 1986. Biographies of selected Deputy Directors of Star City Gagarin, Yuri Alekseyevich (Colonel) was born on 9 March 1934 in Klushino, in the Smolensk region. He became a factory worker before joining the Air Force in 1955, where...
Muncul dalam 3 buku dari 2003-2007 Halaman 46 - ... provided the Soyuz portion of the compatible docking system, was used for work and rest by the crew during orbit. The module contained a side hatch for crew entry before launch, a forward hatch for crew transfer to and from the docking module, and an aft tunnel for crew transfer to the descent vehicle. Two windows were provided: one forward of the side hatch for earthward viewing, and the other on the opposite side of the module for outward viewing. The descent vehicle, with the main controls... Muncul dalam 6 buku dari 1959-2003 Halaman 114 - ...
Going to the shattered windows, we saw the burning skeleton of the rocket and enormous clouds of black smoke. All the rooms were strewn with glass and plaster. Big pieces of glass had penetrated the walls opposite the windows like bullets. Had we stayed in the rooms for just a few seconds longer, we would have been riddled with pieces of glass. Muncul dalam 2 buku dari 1998-2003 Halaman 129 - Mishin] of the Soyuz flights and the ground tests, we can aim at
Muncul dalam 2 buku dari 2000-2003 Ringkas Buku ini dirujuk The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program: 50 Years After Sputnik, New Frontiers Brian Harvey Pratinjau terbatas - 2007 Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration Brian Harvey Pratinjau tidak tersedia - 2007 Semua hasil Buku » Informasi bibliografi Judul Soyuz: A Universal Spacecraft Springer Praxis Books Space Exploration Pengarang Rex Hall , David Shayler Edisi berilustrasi Penerbit Springer Science & Business Media, 2003 ISBN 1852336579, 9781852336578 Tebal 460 halaman     Ekspor Kutipan BiBTeX EndNote RefMan Tentang Google Buku - Kebijakan Privasi - Persyaratan Layanan - Informasi untuk Penerbit - Laporkan masalah - Bantuan - Beranda Google
Soyuz 117199Mir Hardware Heritage — Part 1 - Soyuz David S. F. Portree Figure 1-8. Original Soyuz probe and drogue docking system. The active
Soyuz-A manned spacecraft concept (1963). It was to have been part of the Soyuz A-B-C circumlunar complex.   ​ Figure 1-5., Soyuz A-B-C circumlunar concept. The drawing shows Soyuz-A (right), Soyuz-B booster, and Soyuz-C tanker with twin whip antennae (left). The Soviet lunar effort thus became a two-pronged enterprise. Both prongs depended heavily on the Original Soyuz spacecraft. It was patterned after the Soyuz-A component of the 1963 prospectus. It carried a simple docking system which permitted crew transfer only by extravehicular activity (EVA). The Original Soyuz served the same role as the Gemini spacecraft did in U.S. lunar plans, and more besides.
Spacecraft designer Konstantin Feoktistov stated that the Original Soyuz missions in 1966-1970 provided engineering data for its conversion into a space station transport. Plans for the conversion were drawn up in the first half of 1970. [ 14 ] Soyuz 10 and Soyuz 11 carried docking systems permitting internal crew transfer. In this work these vehicles are called the Salyut 1-type Soyuz. Apart from their docking systems, they differed only slightly from the Original Soyuz. The three Soyuz 10 cosmonauts became the first people to dock with a space station, but were unable to enter Salyut 1. This was blamed on a “weak” docking unit.
[ 30 ] Soyuz 4 January 14-17, 1969 Launch crew—Vladimir Shatalov Crew code name—Amur Landing crew—Vladimir Shatalov, Yevgeni Khrunov, Alexei Yeliseyev Crew code name—Amur Soyuz 5 January 15-18, 1969 Launch crew—Boris Volynov, Yevgeni Khrunov, and Alexei Yeliseyev Crew code name—Baykal Landing crew—Boris Volynov Crew code name—Baykal Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 carried out the first docking between manned Soviet spacecraft. Soyuz 4 played the active role in the docking. After docking, Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 were described as comprising the first multimodular space station.
Together they were called Figure 1-14. Lunar rocket system. Consisted of (bottom to top) the Block G and Block D rocket stages, the L3 lander, and the L2 command ship.   ​ Kontakt (figure 1-15). The docking system was to be used only once during the mission, after the L3 had completed its lunar landing mission and returned to orbit. Little docking accuracy was required to link the spacecraft firmly enough to let the moonwalking cosmonaut return to the L2 by EVA. Made no provision for internal crew transfer after docking. Orbital module had an EVA hatch larger than the one on the Original Soyuz.
The probe and drogue docking system (left) permitted internal transfer of cosmonauts from the Soyuz to the station. Figure 1-19. Soyuz internal transfer docking unit. This system is used today for docking spacecraft to Mir. The active craft inserts its probe into the space station receiving cone. The probe tip catches on latches in the socket at the apex of the cone. Motors then draw the two spacecraft together. Latches in the docking collars catch, and motors close them. Fluid, gas, and electrical connections are established through the collars. After the cosmonauts are certain the seal is airtight, they remove the probe and drogue units, forming a tunnel between spacecraft and station.
3 1.7.2 Salyut 1-Type Soyuz Notable Features Carried three crew, who did not wear space suits during flight. Equipped with a probe and drogue docking system permitting internal crew transfer (figure 1-19). Carried solar arrays which could be tied into the Salyut 1 power system, increasing the amount of energy available to space station systems. Lacked the toroidal tank or pressurized instrument compartment in the aft skirt of the Original Soyuz spacecraft. Orbital module was shortened to 2.65 m in length (from about 4 m) by deletion of the external crew transfer docking system probe and frustum, and a docking system for internal crew transfer was added.
The central window was fitted with a “viewer and orientation device” for “triaxial orientation using the horizon and features on Earth over which the spacecraft passed.” The device also served as a periscope during rendezvous and docking operations, permitting the crew to see around the forward orbital module. Most of the cargo carried by a Soyuz Ferry to an orbiting Salyut space station was carried in the orbital module. A small amount was carried in the descent module. The service module consisted of the transfer frame and the instrumentservice section.
[ 59 ] 1.8.4.2 Soyuz Ferry Missions to Salyut 3 For information on Salyut operations during these Soyuz missions, see section 2.4.3. Soyuz 14 July 3-19, 1974 Pavel Popovich, Yuri Artyukhin Crew code name—Berkut First successful Soviet mission to a space station. It docked with Salyut 3 on July 4 and spent 16 days in space. Soyuz 15 August 26-28, 1974 Gennadi Sarafanov, Lev Demin Crew code name—Dunay Failed to dock with Salyut 3 after its Igla system malfunctioned and the cosmonauts were unable to guide the spacecraft to a manual docking. Gyroscope problems nearly prevented orientation of the spacecraft for the deorbit burn.
Soyuz 40 May 14-22, 1981 Leonid Popov, Dmitru Prunariu/Romania Crew code name—Dneiper Last Soyuz Ferry flight; ended the first phase of the Intercosmos program, which concentrated on placing citizens of Soviet bloc states into space. In all, nine Intercosmos missions were launched between 1978 and 1981. [ 66 ]   ​ 1.9 ASTP Soyuz (1974-1976) ASTP Soyuz (figure 1-21) was the Soyuz Ferry modified to carry out the specialized mission of docking with a U.S. Apollo spacecraft in Earth orbit. Figure 1-21. Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) Soyuz. The APAS-75 docking unit is located at left. 1.9.1 ASTP Soyuz Specifications Launch weight (Soyuz 19) .......................
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