Southeast Asian populations consumed specific staple foods prior to the cultivation of rice
Archaeological and paleoecological evidence indicates that pre-agricultural Southeast Asian populations relied on foraging, hunting, and gathering wild plants and resources prior to the introduction and cultivation of rice.
The retrieved papers provide strong evidence that human populations in Southeast Asia subsisted as hunter-gatherers utilizing diverse wild food sources (such as foraged plants, nuts, and game) for thousands of years before cereal agriculture, including the cultivation of rice and millet, took root in the region.
M. Ma, Minxia Lu, Rui Sun, Zhonghua Zhu, D. Fuller, Jianxin Guo, Guanglin He, Xiaomin Yang, Lingling Tan, Yongxiu Lu, Jiajia Dong, Ruiliang Liu, Jishuai Yang, Bo Li, Tiannan Guo, Xiaorui Li, Dongyue Zhao, Ying Zhang, Chuan-Chao Wang, Guanghui Dong. Forager-farmer transition at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia 4900 years ago.. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2023.10.015
Studies the transition from foraging to farming in Southeast Asia, noting that prior to cereal agriculture, populations relied on hunting and gathering local plants and animals.
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K. Suraprasit, R. Shoocongdej, Kanoknart Chintakanon, H. Bocherens. Late Pleistocene human paleoecology in the highland savanna ecosystem of mainland Southeast Asia. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96260-4
Details the late Pleistocene hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies in mainland Southeast Asia, showing reliance on foraging a variety of wild food items in mosaic environments prior to agriculture.
Deng Z, Qin L, Gao Y, Weisskopf AR, Zhang C, Fuller DQ. From Early Domesticated Rice of the Middle Yangtze Basin to Millet, Rice and Wheat Agriculture: Archaeobotanical Macro-Remains from Baligang, Nanyang Basin, Central China (6700-500 BC).. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139885
Demonstrates that early cultivation was accompanied by the heavy collection of wild staple foods such as acorns before systematic cereal agriculture became dominant.
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