Importance Recreational and medicinal cannabis legalization has led to increased cannabis use. To understand the consequences for vascular health, we initiated the CANnabis: Does It Damage Endothelium (CANDIDE) study. Objective To investigate whether cannabis use is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cross-sectional study, sex- and age- matched healthy adults, aged 18 to 50 years, living in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, who neither smoke tobacco nor vape and were not frequently exposed to secondhand smoke were recruited into 3 cohorts: 2 chronic cannabis user groups (marijuana smokers and tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]-edible users) and 1 nonuser group. Participants were recruited from October 25, 2021, through August 1, 2024; analysis was completed September 2024. Participants' arterial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to participant sera with and without vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to assess the effects of user serum on endothelial nitric oxide production. Main Outcomes and Measures FMD and PWV were direct physiological measurements, and VEGF-stimulated nitric oxide production was measured from HUVECs incubated in user serum samples. Results Among 55 participants (20 female [37%]; 35 male [63%], mean age, 31.3 [SD, 8.4] years) arterial FMD was significantly lower among the marijuana smokers (mean, 6.0% [SD, 2.6%]; P = .004) and lower among THC-edible users (mean, 4.6% [SD, 3.7%]; P = .003) than among nonusers (mean, 10.4% [SD, 5.2%]). VEGF-stimulated nitric oxide levels in endothelial cells treated with participants' sera were significantly lower for the marijuana smoker group (mean, 1.1 nmol/L [SD, 0.3 nmol/L] ) than for the nonuser group (mean, 1.5 nmol/L [SD, 0.3 nmol/L]; P = .004) but were unaffected among the THC-edible users group compared with the nonusers (mean, 1.5 nmol/L [SD, 0.3 nmol/L]; P = .81). FMD was inversely correlated with smoking frequency (r = -0.7; P < .001) and the amount of THC ingested (r = -0.7; P = .03). Other vascular properties showed no differences. Conclusions This cross-sectional study found that chronic cannabis smoking and THC ingestion were associated with endothelial dysfunction similar to that observed in tobacco smokers, although apparently occurring via distinct mechanisms.

Introduction Recent studies have raised the concern on the risk of asthma in marijuana smokers; however, the results remain controversial and warrant further investigation. With a growing number of marijuana smokers, examining the association between marijuana smoking and asthma and quantifying such association through meta-analysis have important implications for public health and clinical decision-making. In view of this, the present protocol aims to detail a comprehensive plan of meta-analysis on the association aforementioned. The findings are expected to strengthen the current knowledge base pertaining to the potential adverse effects of marijuana smoking on pulmonary health and to facilitate the development of prevention strategies for asthma. Methods and analysis The MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE databases will be searched systematically from inception to 1 September 2021 to retrieve the relevant observational studies focusing on the association between marijuana smoking and asthma. Both unadjusted and adjusted effect sizes, such as OR, relative risk, HR and the corresponding 95% CIs will be extracted for pooled analyses. Heterogeneity and publication bias across the included studies will be examined. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Scale will be used to assess the quality and risk of bias. Statistical software Review Manager V.5.3 and Stata V.11.0 will be used for statistical analyses. Ethics and dissemination Since no private and confidential patient data will be included in the reporting, approval from an ethics committee is not required. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in the relevant conferences. The study raises no ethical issue. OSF registration number 10.17605/OSF.IO/UPTXC.

Studies show significant negative effects of smoking marijuana on physical and mental health as well as social and occupational functioning. At the same time, there are more considerations about its ability to treat a number of diseases. This review summarizes current data in scientific literature that examines the medical effects of marijuana on human health with particular emphasis on its potential in medicine. Marijuana has a range of adverse health effects, particularly relating to young people because of higher risk for psychosis, traffic accidents, and cognitive impairment. Marijuana may be helpful in relieving symptoms of nausea and vomiting, increasing appetite and pain relief for persons with cancer, AIDS and multiple sclerosis. Smoking marijuana can impose significant public health risks. If there is a medical role for using marijuana, it lies in the application of clearly defined medical protocols and chemically defined compounds, not with using the unprocessed cannabis plant.

Studies show significant negative effects of smoking marijuana on physical and mental health as well as social and occupational functioning. At the same time, there are more considerations about its ability to treat a number of diseases. This review summarizes current data in scientific literature that examines the medical effects of marijuana on human health with particular emphasis on its potential in medicine. Marijuana has a range of adverse health effects, particularly relating to young people because of higher risk for psychosis, traffic accidents, and cognitive impairment. Marijuana may be helpful in relieving symptoms of nausea and vomiting, increasing appetite and pain relief for persons with cancer, AIDS and multiple sclerosis. Smoking marijuana can impose significant public health risks. If there is a medical role for using marijuana, it lies in the application of clearly defined medical protocols and chemically defined compounds, not with using the unprocessed cannabis plant.

Marijuana is the most consumed illicit drug in the world, with over 192 million users. Due to the current legalization push of marijuana in the United States, there has been a lack of oversight regarding its public health policies, as marijuana advocates downplay the drug's negative effects. This paper's approach is from a public health perspective, focusing specifically on the cases of violence amongst some marijuana users. Here, we present 14 cases of violence with chronic marijuana users that highlight reoccurring consequences of: marijuana induced paranoia (exaggerated, unfounded distrust) and marijuana induced psychosis (radical personality change, loss of contact with reality). When individuals suffering from pre-existing medical conditions use marijuana in an attempt to alleviate their symptoms, ultimately this worsens their conditions over time. Although marijuana effects depend on the individual's endocannabinoid receptors (which control behavioral functions, like aggression) and the potency level of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the drug, scientifically documented links between certain marijuana users and violence do exist. Wider public awareness of the risks and side effects of marijuana, as well as a more prudent health policy, and government agency monitoring of the drug's composition, creation, and distribution, are needed and recommended.

ience Base. WHERE THERE'S SMOKE, THERE'S HARM Given the well-known consequences of tobacco smoking, it seems logical to suspect that marijuana could be equally detrimental to physical health. Although free of nicotine, marijuana smoke certainly pollutes the lungs. And since tobacco smoking has been linked to respiratory injury, cancer, emphysema, heart disease, complications of pregnancy, low birth weight, and other ills, it makes sense to worry whether smoking marijuana might prove equally harmful. Scientists have compared marijuana and tobacco smoking on the basis of many different factors but have failed to find consis tent evidence that either substance poses a greater health risk than the other. On the one hand, marijuana joints have been shown to deliver at least four times as much tar to the lungs as tobacco cigarettes of equivalent weight. This difference is due to the lack of filters on joints and because marijuana smokers typically inhale a larger volume of smoke and take it more deeply into the lungs than tobacco smokers do. Marijuana smokers also tend to hold smoke in for a time before exhaling, exposing the lungs to even greater levels of cancer-causing agents. On the other hand, because they are packed more tightly, commercial cigarettes produce more smoke than hand-rolled joints. That, plus the fact that most tobacco users typically smoke more cigarettes per day than their marijuana-using counterparts, means that over the course of a day most tobacco users take far more smoke into their lungs than people who smoke marijuana exclusively. Thus it is impossible to make precise comparisons between the damage to one's health caused by smoking marijuana versus the damage caused by smoking tobacco. And since an estimated 70 percent of marijuana users also smoke tobacco, it is difficult to conduct epidemiological studies that isolate the effects of marijuana smoking. Not surprisingly, clinical studies suggest that people who smoke marijuana are more likely to

idiol (CBD) : CBD has non-psychoactive effects. It may help manage conditions like epilepsy, neuropathic pain and inflammation. What does weed do to your body? When you smoke marijuana, THC quickly passes from your lungs into your blood. Your blood carries THC to your brain and other organs. Your body absorbs THC more slowly if you eat or drink it, typically 30 minutes to one hour. THC overly activates parts of your brain that contain the highest number of endocannabinoid receptors. This leads to a series of effects. You might experience things that are different from what someone else feels. In addition, different episodes of marijuana use can cause a range of effects in the same person. What are the effects of marijuana? Marijuana has a wide range of short-term and long-term effects. Factors that may influence what you experience from marijuana include: Your genetics, age and sex The amount and strength of it How you consume it How long you’ve used it How frequently you use it If you take medications and/or use other substances Researchers are still learning about its effects, especially long-term ones. Short-term effects Short-term effects of marijuana use may include: Happiness or euphoria Relaxation or sleepiness Anxiety or panic Impaired memory Issues with thinking and problem-solving Impaired judgement and decision-making Issues with coordination and slowed reaction time Dizziness Dry mouth Nausea or appetite changes Increased heart rate Bloodshot eyes If you consume marijuana in high doses, you may experience: Delusions Hallucinations Psychosis Long-term effects So far, studies show the following long-term effects of marijuana use: Brain changes : Marijuana use during adolescence or young adulthood may affect brain development. It may cause long-term issues with attention, memory and learning. Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome : Long-term use of high doses of THC increases your risk for frequent, severe vomiting. Lung and blood vessel damage : Smoking it can dam