Severe anxiety can trigger heart attacks, blackouts, or psychotic episodes
the verdict
CONTESTED PARTIAL
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
4 sources for · 1 against
Evidence supports links between psychological stress/anxiety and cardiovascular events like heart attacks, and indicates that anxiety disorders are distinct from psychosis, but individual items only partially cover subsets of the broad claims.
<h4>Background</h4>The clinical high-risk state for psychosis (CHR-P) paradigm has facilitated the implementation of psychosis prevention into clinical practice; however, advancements in adolescent CHR-P populations are less established.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant systematic review of the Web of Science database, from inception until 7 October 2019, to identify original studies conducted in CHR-P children and adolescents (mean age <18 years). Findings were systematically appraised around core themes: detection, prognosis and intervention. We performed meta-analyses (employing Q statistics and I <sup>2</sup> test) regarding the proportion of CHR-P subgroups, the prevalence of baseline comorbid mental disorders, the risk of psychosis onset and the type of interventions received at baseline. Quality assessment and publication bias were also analysed.<h4>Results</h4>Eighty-seven articles were included (n = 4,667 CHR-P individuals). Quality of studies ranged from 3.5 to 8 (median 5.5) on a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Detection: Individuals were aged 15.6 ± 1.2 years (51.5% males), mostly (83%) presenting with attenuated positive psychotic symptoms. CHR-P psychometric accuracy improved when caregivers served as additional informants. Comorbid mood (46.4%) and anxiety (31.4%) disorders were highly prevalent. Functioning and cognition were impaired. Neurobiological studies were inconclusive.<h4>Prognosis</h4>Risk for psychosis was 10.4% (95%CI: 5.8%-18.1%) at 6 months, 20% (95%CI: 15%-26%) at 12 months, 23% (95%CI: 18%-29%) at 24 months and 23.3% (95%CI: 17.3%-30.7%) at ≥36 months.<h4>Interventions</h4>There was not enough evidence to recommend one specific treatment (including cognitive behavioural therapy) over the others (including control conditions) to prevent the transition to psychosis in this population. Randomised controlled trials suggested that family interventions, cognitive remediation and fish oil supplementation may improve cognition, symptoms and functioning. At baseline, 30% of CHR-P adolescents were prescribed antipsychotics and 60% received psychotherapy.<h4>Conclusions</h4>It is possible to detect and formulate a group-level prognosis in adolescents at risk for psychosis. Future interventional research is required.
definition of insanity. Anxiety disorders do not affect one's ability to distinguish reality from unreality, and therefore are not psychotic in nature. Dissociative
South African criminal law is the body of national law relating to crime in South Africa. In the definition of Van der Walt et al., a crime is "conduct which common or statute law prohibits and expressly or impliedly subjects to punishment remissible by the state alone and which the offender cannot avoid by his own act once he has been convicted." Crime involves the infliction of harm against soci
In S v Stellmacher, a case which illustrates the difference between sane and insane automatism, Stellmacher was an epileptic who, while in a state of automatism, shot and killed someone. Before the incident, he had been on a severe diet for some weeks. On the day in question, he ate nothing and did hard physical labour. At about 18:00, he went to the bar of the local hotel and drank half a bottle of brandy. He had a gun with him.
One day, while cutting meat with a sharp knife, he experienced an episode that the testifying expert described at trial as an "epileptic equivalent"--"an attack where the ordinary fit is replaced by a period of confusion." During this episode, for no apparent reason, he suddenly stabbed and killed his sister, standing next to him. He was charged with her murder. His defence was that his conduct was involuntary. The court found, on a balance of probabilities, that he had indeed suffered an "epileptic equivalent." He had been unconscious, with "neither judgment, will, purpose nor reasoning." The stabbing was a result of "blind reflex activity." There was no intention to kill.
The Appellate Division in S v Jackson held that a person is justified in killing in self-defence not only when he fears that his life is in danger but also when he fears grievous bodily harm. In R v Patel, the court ruled that a person has the same right to use force in defence of another from a threatened danger as he would have to defend himself, if he were the person threatened. ===== Defence ===== The defence must be directed against the attacker; necessary to avert the attack; and a reasonable response to the attack.
Moreover, one must not impute to a person who suddenly becomes the object of a murderous attack that mental calm and ability to reason out ex post facto ways of avoiding the assault without having recourse to violence. No-one, then, is obliged to flee if flight does not offer a safe avenue of escape: for example, if it would merely expose one to a stab in the back. In such circumstances a person is entitled to stand his ground and defend himself. Zikalala's conviction was
The accused in S v De Oliveira, who lived in a secure and burglar-proofed house in a dangerous area, was awoken one afternoon by the presence of several men outside the house on his driveway. He picked up his pistol, opened window and fired six shots. Two of them hit the men, one killing and the other injuring. There was no indication that an attack on the house was imminent. The accused failed to testify; his defence of putative private defence failed. He was convicted of murder and of two counts of attempted murder.
Rumpff warned that it is both impossible and dangerous to attempt to lay down any general symptoms by which a mental disorder may be recognised as a mental "disease" or "defect." ====== Types of mental disorders ====== Burchell lays out a number of types of mental disorder: organic disorders, which are due to a general medical condition, and which are pathological and endogenous, and which therefore satisfy the criteria of the legal definition of insanity; substance-related disorders, which are not necessarily pathological, endogenous or permanent, so that persons suffering from them are not necessarily legally insane; schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, which are pathological, endogenous and capable of depriving the sufferer of insight or self-control, and which therefore satisfy the criteria of the legal definition of insanity; personality disorders, which are a consequence not of disturbance of the psychic state, but rather of patterns of behaviour learned during the formative years; and mood and anxiety disorders: Mood disorders are capable of depriving the sufferer of insight or self-control, and may therefore satisfy the criteria of the legal definition of insanity.
Anxiety disorders do not affect one's ability to distinguish reality from unreality, and therefore are not psychotic in nature. Dissociative orders, however, may deprive the sufferer of insight or self-control, and therefore may satisfy the criteria of the legal definition of insanity.
This was not consistent with automatic behaviour. The trial court's conviction was accordingly upheld. It was in Laubscher that the court first adopted the term "temporary non-pathological criminal incapacity," using it to distinguish between lack of criminal capacity due to mental illness or defect, and lack of criminal capacity due to other factors, such as intoxication, provocation and severe emotional stress.
After Arnold, there were a number of murder trials in which the accused claimed that he, too, had acted involuntarily or had lacked criminal capacity as a result of severe emotional stress, coupled with provocation. Although the defence enjoyed a measure of temporary success in the then-Supreme Court, there has thus far been only one case in which it has succeeded in the Appellate Division or in the Supreme Court of Appeal: that of S v Wiid. The accused was also acquitted in the lower court in S v Nursingh and S v Moses.
The appellant, somewhat under the influence of liquor, without premeditation and as a result of some provocation, stabbed the deceased five times, the fatal injury penetrating the heart. The inference drawn by the Court a quo that he foresaw the possibility of death ensuing and that he killed intentionally (dolus eventualis) is clear.
Panic disorder (PD) is a severe anxiety disorder that is characterized by recurrent panic attacks (PA), which can be unexpected (uPA, i.e., no clear identifiable trigger) or expected (ePA). Panic typically involves an abrupt feeling of catastrophic fear or distress accompanied by physiological symptoms such as palpitations, racing heart, thermal sensations, and sweating. Recurrent uPA and ePA can also lead to agoraphobia, where subjects with PD avoid situations that were associated with PA. Here we will review recent developments in our understanding of PD, which includes discussions on: symptoms and signs associated with uPA and ePAs; Diagnosis of PD and the new DSM-V; biological etiology such as heritability and gene×environment and gene×hormonal development interactions; comparisons between laboratory and naturally occurring uPAs and ePAs; neurochemical systems that are associated with clinical PAs (e.g. gene associations; targets for triggering or treating PAs), adaptive fear and panic response concepts in the context of new NIH RDoc approach; and finally strengths and weaknesses of translational animal models of adaptive and pathological panic states.
Introduction: Inmates (hereinafter referred to as WBP) often experience mental health disorders including depression, severe stress, and anxiety. This affects the quality of sleep which will trigger other health problems such as heart failure, coronary heart disease, and heart attacks. Objective: to socialize and train five-finger therapy or hereinafter referred to as Five Finger Therapy in improving sleep quality in Inmates (WBP). Method: th method of this activity uses lectures in socialization and training simulations. The number of participants is 40 people. The activity starts from the preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. Data was collected through surveys, interviews, and observations before and after the implementation of therapy. Result: the results of the activity showed that out of 40 respondents to WBP in the Class 2B Banjar City male prison, it was found that before Five Finger Therapy was carried out, 30 WBP experienced poor sleep quality (75.0%) and 10 people or 25% had good sleep quality. After Five Finger Therapy was carried out, the category of good sleep quality increased to 32 people (80.0%) and poor quality decreased to 18 people (20.0%). Conclusion: this indicates that Five Finger Therapy has successfully improved the quality of WBP sleep, so that the training is effective in improving the quality of sleep of male WBP in prison. This therapy makes a positive contribution to the mental health of WBP. Recommendations for the continued impleme
Pelatihan Five Finger Therapy dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Tidur Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan | Kolaborasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Pelatihan Five Finger Therapy dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Tidur Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan Penulis Enik Suhariyanti Universitas Galuh Tita Rohita Universitas Galuh Reni Hertini Universitas Galuh Siti Rohimah Universitas Galuh DOI: https://doi.org/10.56359/kolaborasi.v4i4.389 Kata Kunci: Sleep Quality, Five Finger Therapy, WBP Abstrak Introduction : Inmates (hereinafter referred to as WBP) often experience mental health disorders including depression, severe stress, and anxiety.
This affects the quality of sleep which will trigger other health problems such as heart failure, coronary heart disease, and heart attacks. Objective: to socialize and train five-finger therapy or hereinafter referred to as Five Finger Therapy in improving sleep quality in Inmates (WBP). Method: th method of this activity uses lectures in socialization and training simulations. The number of participants is 40 people. The activity starts from the preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. Data was collected through surveys, interviews, and observations before and after the implementation of therapy.
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Setiawan, H., Diaz, Y., Sandi, L., Andarini, E., Kurniawan, R., Richard, S. D., & Ariyanto, H. (2021). The effect of genetic counseling on depression , anxiety , and knowledge level among diabetes mellitus patients. Kontakt, 23(4), 330–337. https://doi.org/10.32725/kont.2021.035 Unduhan Artikel Bahasa Indonesia Diterbitkan 14-08-2024 Cara Mengutip Suhariyanti, E. ., Rohita, T., Hertini , R. ., & Rohimah, S. . (2024). Pelatihan Five Finger Therapy dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Tidur Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan. Kolaborasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat , 4 (4), 285–292.
blood pressure, diabetes, depression, heart disease, and strokes. Sleep deprivation can also lead to high anxiety, irritability, erratic behavior, poor
Sleep deprivation, also known as sleep insufficiency or sleeplessness, is the health condition of not having adequate duration or quality of sleep to support proper alertness, performance, and health. It can be either chronic or acute and may vary widely in severity. This means it can occur over both short and long periods. Sleep is important because adequate sleep, or restful sleep, is essential
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