Satellites dissipate heat in the vacuum of space through thermal radiation.
Satellites and other spacecraft must dissipate heat exclusively via thermal radiation because they operate in the vacuum of space where conduction and convection are absent.
The retrieved papers consistently confirm that spacecraft and satellites regulate temperature and reject waste heat in the vacuum of space through thermal radiation and radiative cooling technologies.
Kanti PK, Prashantha Kumar H G, Wanatasanappan VV, Kumar A, Regasa MB. Graphene's Frontier in aerospace: current applications, challenges, and future directions for space engineering.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4na00934g
Discusses how thermal applications and radiative cooling manage heat in spacecraft operating in space.
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Fang S, Dang S, Yang K, Zhou L, Ahmad S, Zhang Y, Li Q, Li Q, Chen W, Hazazi K, Qasem H, Wang J, Cao Y, Wu P, Saiari H, Gereige I, Gan Q. Passive subambient cooling and atmospheric water nexus.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74110-z
Notes that subambient radiative cooling passively dissipates heat to outer space via mid-infrared emission.
Gong H, Wang Z, Zheng Y, Tong L, Li H, Zhao Z, Liu J, Liu G, Zhou X, Fan T. Dual-Functional Photonic Metacoating Integrating Fluorescence Thermometry and High-Performance Space Radiative Cooling.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02195-8
Describes spacecraft metacoating designed for efficient space radiative cooling.
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