Satellite positions are tracked in practice using ground-based radar and laser ranging
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Peer-reviewed literature demonstrates that satellite positions are regularly tracked in practice using both ground-based survey radar and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) systems.
The task of tracking cooperative satellites equipped with laser retroreflectors, by means of Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), is an issue well described in the literature. The follow-up movement of the ground-based transceiver telescope behind an orbital object is based on the positional ephemeris data. The problem of controlling the follow-up motion of the telescope's mount mostly in the Az/El configuration in this case boils down to the interpolation of the positional ephemeris data of the orbital object, which is the information input vector for the motion control system of the orthogonal and non-coupled axes of the propulsion system. In the case of tracking and determining the position of uncooperative objects (not equipped with retroreflectors), for which we can include rocket bodies and fragmentary elements, the task of keeping track of them becomes complex. The positional uncertainty of the ephemeris of uncooperative objects obtained mainly by means of survey radar acquisition requires the use of innovative solutions and complex control systems that enable the effective implementation of the tracking process. This paper presents innovative methods for the active control loop used in the SLR technique, consisting of dynamic motion corrections based on the passive optical acquisition with object recognition and analysis of the photon trace scattered from an orbital object.
Orbit Determination of Resident Space Objects Using the P-Band Mono-Beam Receiver of the Sardinia Radio Telescope
The population of space debris in near-Earth space is continuously growing and it represents a serious problem for active satellites and spacecraft. A performant ground-based and space-based network of sensors is necessary for space surveillance and consequently to prevent new collisions and monitoring atmospheric reentry of these objects. This paper illustrates the possible role of the Italian ground-based novel bi-static radar sensor, named BIRALET, for space monitoring and resident space objects tracking. The main characteristics of the receiver system, the Sardinia Radio Telescope with its P-band mono-beam receiver, are described in detail. Then, a preliminary analysis of the performance of the sensor is presented, and the results of numerical simulations are shown, providing a general overview on both observation capabilities and orbit determination accuracy achievable with the Sardinia Radio Telescope.
Published in Applied Sciences
Orion transmitted telemetry to the ground, ejected flares to aid visual tracking, and was continuously tracked by radar. The missile successfully passed
Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are space weapons designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic or tactical purposes. Although no ASAT system has yet been used in warfare, a few countries (China, India, Russia, and the United States) have successfully shot down their own satellites to demonstrate their ASAT capabilities in a show of force. ASATs have also been used to remove decommiss
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