Saliva contains diagnostic biomarkers for various systemic diseases
Multiple studies and reviews demonstrate that human saliva contains a wealth of molecular components, including proteins, RNAs, and exosomes, which serve as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for various systemic and local diseases.
The claim is specific and falsifiable, passing Step 0. The retrieved literature extensively supports the premise that saliva contains diagnostic biomarkers for various diseases (such as oral cancer, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease) through transcriptomic, proteomic, and exosomal analyses. Therefore, the balance verdict is SUPPORTED.
Ramachandran S. Vasan. Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.104.482570
Identifies biomarkers as tools for diagnosing disease conditions promptly and accurately.
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Noh Jin Park, Hui Zhou, David Elashoff, Bradley S. Henson, Dragana Kastratović, Elliot Abemayor, David T. Wong. Salivary microRNA: Discovery, Characterization, and Clinical Utility for Oral Cancer Detection. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0736
Shows that salivary microRNAs can be used for oral cancer detection.
Janice Yoshizawa, Christopher A. Schafer, Jason J. Schafer, James J. Farrell, Bruce J. Paster, David T. Wong. Salivary Biomarkers: Toward Future Clinical and Diagnostic Utilities. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00021-13
Discusses the significance of saliva as a source of indicators for local, systemic, and infectious disorders.
Yang Li, Maie A.R. St. John, Xiaofeng Zhou, Yong Kim, Uttam K. Sinha, Richard C. Jordan, David W. Eisele, Elliot Abemayor, David Elashoff, No-Hee Park, David T. Wong. Salivary Transcriptome Diagnostics for Oral Cancer Detection. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1167
Demonstrates salivary transcriptome diagnostics successfully for oral cancer detection.
Shen Hu, Martha Arellano, Pinmanee Boontheung, Jianghua Wang, Hui Zhou, Jiang Jiang, David Elashoff, Roger Wei, Joseph A. Loo, David T. Wong. Salivary Proteomics for Oral Cancer Biomarker Discovery. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-5037
Finds that patient-based saliva proteomics provides a promising approach for biomarker discovery.
Shen Hu, Joseph A. Loo, David T. Wong. Human body fluid proteome analysis. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200600284
Reviews body fluid proteome analysis for human disease biomarker discovery across various fluids.
Paul Denny, Fred K. Hagen, Markus Hardt, Lujian Liao, Weihong Yan, Martha Arellanno, Sara Bassilian, Gurrinder S. Bedi, Pinmannee Boontheung, Daniel Cociorva, Claire Delahunty, Trish Denny, Jason Dunsmore, Kym F. Faull, J. Herman Gilligan, Mireya González–Begne, Frédéric Halgand, Steven C. Hall, Xuemei Han, Bradley S. Henson, Johannes A. Hewel, Shen Hu, Sherry Jeffrey, Jiang Jiang, Joseph A. Loo, Rachel R. Ogorzalek Loo, Daniel Malamud, James E. Melvin, Olga Miroshnychenko, Mahvash Navazesh, Richard K. Niles, Sung Kyu Park, Akraporn Prakobphol, Prasanna Ramachandran, Megan Richert, Sarah Robinson, Melissa Sondej, Puneet Souda, Mark A. Sullivan, Jona Takashima, Shawn Than, Jianghua Wang, Julian P. Whitelegge, H. Ewa Witkowska, Lawrence E. Wolinsky, Yongming Xie, Tao Xu, Weixia Yu, A. Jimmy Ytterberg, David T. Wong, John R. Yates, Susan J. Fisher. The Proteomes of Human Parotid and Submandibular/Sublingual Gland Salivas Collected as the Ductal Secretions. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1021/pr700764j
Notes that components found in plasma are also present in saliva, allowing for diagnostic translation.
Craig S. Miller, Joseph D. Foley, Alison Bailey, Charles L Campell, Roger L. Humphries, Nicolaos Christodoulides, Pierre N. Floriano, Glennon W. Simmons, Bryon Bhagwandin, James W. Jacobson, Spencer W. Redding, Jeffrey L. Ebersole, John T. McDevitt. Current Developments in Salivary Diagnostics. 2010. https://doi.org/10.2217/bmm.09.68
Examines biomarkers associated with biological stages of diseases like cardiovascular disease.
Lei Zhang, Hua Xiao, Scott Karlan, Hui Zhou, Jenny Gross, David Elashoff, David Akin, Xinmin Yan, David Chia, Beth Y. Karlan, David T. Wong. Discovery and Preclinical Validation of Salivary Transcriptomic and Proteomic Biomarkers for the Non-Invasive Detection of Breast Cancer. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015573
Demonstrates that salivary transcriptomic and proteomic signatures can serve as biomarkers for breast cancer detection.
Herenia P. Lawrence. Salivary markers of systemic disease: noninvasive diagnosis of disease and monitoring of general health.. 2002. https://openalex.org/W2151334461
Explores how clinicians use salivary analyses to diagnose systemic disease and monitor general health.
Yineng Han, Lingfei Jia, Yunfei Zheng, Weiran Li. Salivary Exosomes: Emerging Roles in Systemic Disease. 2018. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.25018
Highlights the emerging role of salivary exosomes as potential biomarkers of systemic diseases.
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