Prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea by Saccharomyces boulardii: a prospective study. Saccharomyces boulardii, a nonpathogenic yeast, has been widely used in Europe to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). We performed a prospective double-blind controlled study to investigate AAD in hospitalized patients and to evaluate the effect of S. boulardii, a living yeast, given in capsule form concurrently with antibiotics. Over 23 mo, 180 patients completed the study. Of the patients receiving placebo, 22% experienced diarrhea compared with 9.5% of patients receiving S. boulardii (p = 0.038). Risk factors found to be associated with AAD were multiple antibiotic combinations (containing clindamycin, cephalosporins, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and tube feeding. Clostridium difficile, an anaerobe found in the stools of most patients with pseudomembranous colitis, was variably associated with AAD. We evaluated the role of C. difficile in AAD in the study population and found no significant association between the presence of C. difficile or cytotoxin with AAD. Approximately 33% of the patients without diarrhea harbored at least one C.

Saccharomyces boulardii (a strain of S. cerevisiae which is used as a probiotic for treatment of certain forms of diarrhea). Saccharomyces boulardii causes Saccharomyces cerevisiae (), also called brewer's yeast or baker's yeast, is a species of yeast (single-celled fungal microorganisms). The species has been instrumental in winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times. It is believed to have been originally isolated from the skin of grapes. It is one of the most intensively studied eukaryotic model organisms in molecular and cell biology, mu Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used as a probiotic in humans and animals. The strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii is industrially manufactured and used clinically as a medication. Several clinical and experimental studies have shown that S. cerevisiae var. boulardii is, to lesser or greater extent, is useful for prevention or treatment of several gastrointestinal diseases. Moderate quality evidence has shown S. cerevisiae var. boulardii reduces risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea both in adults and in children and to reduce risk of adverse effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. There is some evidence to support efficacy of S. cerevisiae var. boulardii in prevention (but not treatment) of traveler's diarrhoea and, at least as an adjunct medication, in treatment of acute diarrhoea in adults and children and of persistent diarrhoea in children. It may also reduce symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Administration of S. cerevisiae var. boulardii is considered generally safe. In clinical trials it was well tolerated by patients, and adverse effects rate was similar to that in control groups (i. e. groups with placebo or no treatment). No case of S. cerevisiae var. boulardii fungemia has been reported during clinical trials. In clinical practice, however, cases of fungemia, caused by S. cerevisiae var. boulardii are reported. Patients with compromised immunity or those with central vascular catheters are at special risk. Some researchers have recommended avoiding use of S. cerevisiae var. boulardii as treatment in such patients. Others suggest only that caution must be exercised with its use in risk group patients.

help prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea and that taking probiotics with Saccharomyces (e.g., Saccharomyces boulardii ) may help to prevent Clostridioides Gut microbiota, gut microbiome, or gut flora are the microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that live in the digestive tracts of animals. The gastrointestinal metagenome is the aggregate of all the genomes of the gut microbiota. The gut is the main location of the human microbiome. The gut microbiota has broad impacts, including effects on colonization, resistance to path Bifidobacteri…