Researchers have attempted to estimate the economic costs of obesity
Numerous studies and systematic reviews have successfully estimated the direct and indirect economic costs of obesity across various populations and healthcare systems.
The retrieved papers consistently demonstrate that researchers have conducted cost-of-illness and macroeconomic studies to estimate the economic impact and costs of obesity globally, in Europe, North America, and the Middle East. Therefore, the claim is fully supported.
D. Withrow, D. A. Alter. The economic burden of obesity worldwide: a systematic review of the direct costs of obesity. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789x.2009.00712.x
This systematic review evaluates published literature to estimate the direct healthcare costs associated with obesity worldwide.
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J. Hecker, K. Freijer, M. Hiligsmann, S. M. A. A. Evers. Burden of disease study of overweight and obesity; the societal impact in terms of cost-of-illness and health-related quality of life. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12449-2
This study examines the societal burden and cost-of-illness of overweight and obesity.
Jaume Puig‐Junoy, Judit Guzmán‐Sánchez, Nil Criach‐García, Natàlia Pascual‐Argenté. The Macroeconomic Cost of Obesity and Overweight in European Countries: A Systematic Review and Methodological Quality Analysis. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.70011
This systematic review analyzes country-level cost-of-illness studies estimating the macroeconomic costs of obesity and overweight across European nations.
Zafar M, Ali Albrahimi A, Mohammed Salem Alanezi N. Prevalence of economic burden of overweight and obesity and their associated factors in Saudi Arabia.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2026-0013
This cross-sectional study estimates the total annual economic burden and direct and indirect costs of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia.
Schapiro D, Perez-Nieves M, Gonsahn-Bollie S, Terrell K, Huang A, Mao W, Meeks A, Azimzadeh P, Fraseur J. Clinical and Economic Burden Among People with Knee Osteoarthritis and Obesity in the United States: A Retrospective Analysis.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40744-026-00856-z
This retrospective analysis quantifies the healthcare costs and economic burden associated with obesity in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Xue J, Anderson J, Huang A, Gou R, Sun H, Zhao J, Allende C, Hua H, Hohlbauch A, Chinthammit C. Clinical and Economic Burden of Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease Among Medicare Fee-For-Service Beneficiaries.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70999
This retrospective cohort study assesses healthcare utilization and costs among Medicare beneficiaries with and without obesity.
Saavaste J, Baburin A, Leinsalu M, Reile R. Economic cost of excess body weight among adults in Estonia.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a8761
This cost-of-illness study assesses the economic impact and treatment costs associated with excess body weight in Estonia.
Jiying Ling, Sisi Chen, Nagwan R. Zahry, T. Kao. Economic burden of childhood overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13535
A systematic review and meta-analysis quantitatively evaluating the global economic burden and increased medical costs of childhood overweight and obesity.
M. d’Errico, M. Pavlova, F. Spandonaro. The economic burden of obesity in Italy: a cost-of-illness study. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-021-01358-1
A cost-of-illness study estimating the direct and indirect costs of obesity in Italy.
M. Nagi, Z. Almalki, M. Thavorncharoensap, S. Sangroongruangsri, Saowalak Turongkaravee, Usa Chaikledkaew, Abdulhadi M Alqahtani, Lamis S AlSharif, Ibrahim A Alsubaihi, A. Alzarea, Mohammed M. Alsultan. The Burden of Obesity in Saudi Arabia: A Real-World Cost-of-Illness Study. 2025. https://doi.org/10.2147/CEOR.S504462
A study examining the real-world economic burden of obesity in Saudi Arabia, calculating costs as a percentage of GDP.
Aino Vesikansa, J. Mehtälä, S. Aspholm, Kirsi Kallio-Grönroos, Katja Mutanen, Annamari Lundqvist, T. Laatikainen, T. Saukkonen, Kirsi H. Pietiläinen. Indirect costs constitute a major part of the total economic burden of obesity: a Finnish population-based cohort study. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22978-9
A population-based cohort study characterizing the direct and indirect costs of overweight and obesity in Finland.
Jarecsny T, Egri CA, Kosik R, Schwab R, Mechtler L, Szollosi GJ, Schandl L, Tomasics G, Gyuricsko I, Pazmandi EM, Fazekas F, Fekete M. Economic burden of stroke attributable to excess body mass in Hungary: a population-attributable fraction analysis.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-26355-y
A population-attributable fraction analysis estimating potential healthcare cost savings related to excess body mass in Hungary.
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