Relativistic effects significantly influence the chemical properties of superheavy elements
Relativistic effects substantially alter and govern the chemical properties and periodic behaviors of superheavy elements, as confirmed by both recent gas chromatography experiments and advanced quantum-chemical calculations.
Multiple retrieved papers (0, 1, 2, 6) explicitly discuss and demonstrate how relativistic effects significantly impact the chemical properties, adsorption enthalpies, and valency trends of superheavy elements, challenging the traditional periodic law. No papers refute this well-established consensus.
Yakushev A, Khuyagbaatar J, Düllmann CE, Block M, Cantemir RA, Cox DM, Dietzel D, Giacoppo F, Hrabar Y, Iliaš M, Jäger E, Krier J, Krupp D, Kurz N, Lens L, Löchner S, Mokry C, Mošať P, Pershina V, Raeder S, Rudolph D, Runke J, Sarmiento LG, Schausten B, Scherer U, Thörle-Pospiech P, Trautmann N, Wegrzecki M, Wieczorek P. Manifestation of relativistic effects in the chemical properties of nihonium and moscovium revealed by gas chromatography studies.. 2024. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2024.1474820
Paper 0 demonstrates that strong relativistic effects explain the valence atomic orbitals and adsorption trends of superheavy elements nihonium and moscovium.
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Pore JL, Gates JM, Dixon DA, Garcia FH, Gibson JK, Gooding JA, McCarthy M, Orford R, Shafi Z, Shuh DK, Sprouse S. Direct identification of Ac and No molecules with an atom-at-a-time technique.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09342-y
Paper 1 notes that large nuclei of superheavy elements give rise to relativistic effects that substantially alter their chemical behaviors.
Cao CS, Zhao J, Hu HS, Schwarz WHE, Li J. Polyvalent s-block elements: A missing link challenges the periodic law of chemistry for the heavy elements.. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2303989120
Paper 2 finds that extreme relativistic effects at the bottom of the periodic table challenge the periodic law, leading to unusual valencies in heavy s-block elements.
Demidov YA, Shalaevsky AA, Oleynichenko AV, Rusakov AA. Uncovering chemical homology of superheavy elements: a close look at astatine.. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4cp01868k
Paper 6 highlights that extreme relativistic effects govern the chemistry of superheavy elements and challenge traditional notions of the periodic table.
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