Ramachandran plots illustrate protein backbone dihedral angles

Soon Woo Park, Byung Ho Lee, Seung Hun Song, Moon Ki Kim. Revisiting the Ramachandran plot based on statistical analysis of static and dynamic characteristics of protein structures.. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107939

The paper explains that Ramachandran plots describe protein structures by plotting backbone dihedral angle pairs on a two-dimensional plane.

Piotr Batys, Leszek Krzemień, Jakub Barbasz. dRama: Differential Ramachandran Plot as a Tool to Analyze Subtle Changes in Protein Secondary Structure.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/prca.202400087

It notes that the Ramachandran plot displays the set of torsional angles, phi and psi, of the protein backbone for secondary structure analysis.

Oleg V Sobolev, Pavel V Afonine, Nigel W Moriarty, Maarten L Hekkelman, Robbie P Joosten, Anastassis Perrakis, Paul D Adams. A Global Ramachandran Score Identifies Protein Structures with Unlikely Stereochemistry.. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2020.08.005

This work discusses how Ramachandran plots report the distribution of phi and psi torsion angles of the protein backbone.

David B Dahl, Zach Bohannan, Qianxing Mo, Marina Vannucci, Jerry Tsai. Assessing side-chain perturbations of the protein backbone: a knowledge-based classification of residue Ramachandran space.. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2008.02.043

The study examines amino acid backbone phi and psi distributions using Ramachandran space to classify residue conformations.