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the claim
Radiation therapy can cause secondary cancers.
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
4 sources for · 0 against

Multiple scientific studies and medical references confirm that exposure to ionizing radiation therapy carries a risk of inducing secondary malignancies within or near the treatment field.

Evidence for · 4
2023 · cited by 20
AbstractWe investigated whether prostate cancer patients treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) have a higher cumulative incidence of secondary cancer compared with patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP). We used state-wide linked data from South Australia to follow men with prostate cancer diagnosed from 2002 to 2019. The cumulative incidence of overall and site-specific secondary cancers between 5 and 15 years after treatment was estimated. Fine-Gray competing risk analyses were performed with additional sensitivity analyses to test different scenarios. A total of 7625 patients were included (54% underwent RP and 46% EBRT). Characteristics of the two groups differed significantly, with the EBRT group being older (71 vs. 64 years), having higher comorbidity burden and being more likely to die during follow-up than the RP group. Fifteen-year cumulative incidence for all secondary cancers was 27.4% and 22.3% in EBRT and RP groups, respectively. In the adjusted models, patients in the EBRT group had a significantly higher risk of genitourinary (adjusted subhazard ratio (aSHR), 2.29; 95%CI 1.16–4.51) and lung (aSHR, 1.93; 95%CI 1.05–3.56) cancers compared with patients in the RP group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for risk of any secondary cancer, gastro-intestinal, skin or haematologic cancers. No statistically significant differences in overall risk of secondary cancer were observed in any of the sensitivity analyses and patterns for risk at specific cancer sites were relatively consistent across different age restriction and latency/time-lag scenarios. In conclusion, the increased risk of genitourinary and lung cancers among men undergoing EBRT may relate partly to treatment effects and partly to unmeasured residual confounding.
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rails:sufficiency:supported:for=4+0p:against=0+0p | v55:sufficiency

More for · 3
1988 · cited by 0
A complication of various therapies is an increased incidence of cancers. We present data on 3117 types of cancer that developed in 2915 immunosuppressed organ-transplant recipients. The predominant tumors are lymphomas, skin and lip carcinomas, vulvar and perineal carcinomas, in situ uterine-cervical carcinomas, and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Tumors appear a relatively short time after transplantation, the earliest being KS at an average of 23 months and the latest vulvar and perineal cancers presenting an average of 98 months after transplantation. Cytotoxic drugs given to cancer patients may cause secondary neoplasms either by a direct carcinogenic effect or, indirectly, through depression of immunity. The most common secondary malignancies are leukemias, lymphomas, and bladder carcinomas. Ionizing radiation causes cancer, either by a direct carcinogenic effect on cells in the radiation field, or indirectly by depressing immunity. The most common malignancies are leukemias and bone sarcomas.
1983 · cited by 0
The frequency of second neoplasms was examined among 487 Wilms' tumor patients treated at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital of Boston, 1927-81. Thirty study patients (6%) developed second primary tumors: 11 cancers, 16 benign tumors, and 3 borderline neoplasms. Cumulative probability of a second cancer was 18% (standard error, 6%) in 34 years after diagnosis of Wilms' tumor. The subgroup of 412 patients who had received radiotherapy for Wilms' tumor developed all 11 second cancers, which included 1 skin carcinoma, 1 acute leukemia, and 9 solid internal cancers (expected, 0.7 cancers other than skin carcinoma; P less than .001). After exclusion of the secondary leukemia, all but 1 second cancer arose within the radiotherapy field. Concurrent therapy with dactinomycin did not reduce the risk of a radiation-associated cancer. Second cancer was the cause of death in 7 patients.
2005 · cited by 0
proved a hidden truth that chemo and radiation therapy can cause secondary cancers. Six years after completing … chemotherapy and radiation treatment. By law, doctors (MD’s) must suggest surgery, radiation and chemotherapy … electromagnetic field that can cause cancer. Man-made electromagnetic radiation is a never-ending attack
Everything we examined (4)
This check searched the claim as stated. It did not run a separate search for evidence against it.
  1. Risk of secondary malignancy following radiation therapy for prostate cancerpeer-reviewedno side taken
  2. Secondary neoplasms as a consequence of transplantation and cancer therapy.peer-reviewedno side taken
  3. Second Neoplasms After Wilms' Tumor in Childhoodpeer-reviewedno side taken
  4. Cancer cures, causes, and preventions : let food be your medicine, and medicine be your foodreferenceno side taken
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