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the claim
Protons are incorporated during the biological reduction of NAD
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
2 sources for · 0 against

Protons are incorporated alongside electrons during the biological reduction of NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H, as established in biochemical literature.

Evidence for · 2
Chiral and Regenerable NAD(P)H Models Enabled Biomimetic Asymmetric Reduction: Design, Synthesis, Scope and Mechanistic Studies.
2019 · cited by 26
States that NAD(P)H plays an important role in both electron and proton transmission within the cell.
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The analysis

The claim addresses the incorporation of protons during the biological reduction of NAD. Paper [1] notes that NAD(P)H is involved in proton and electron transmission, and Paper [9] details the reduction mechanism involving electron and proton sources to form NAD(P)H. Both support the claim directly and fully.

More for · 1
Catalytic reduction of NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H.
2025 · cited by 5
Discusses mechanisms where electrons and protons are transferred to produce 1,4-NAD(P)H.
Everything we examined (12)
We also searched for evidence AGAINST this claim, not only for it.
  1. Proton translocation coupled to quinone reduction by reduced nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide in rat liver and ox heart mitochondriapeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  2. Chiral and Regenerable NAD(P)H Models Enabled Biomimetic Asymmetric Reduction: Design, Synthesis, Scope and Mechanistic Studies.peer-reviewedsupports
  3. Mitochondria: the hidden engines of traumatic brain injury-driven neurodegeneration.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  4. Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Its Repair Mechanisms in Aging Oocytes.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  5. The Warburg hypothesis and the emergence of the mitochondrial metabolic theory of cancer.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  6. NAD (P)+-NAD (P)H Models. 69. Mechanism of Stereospecific (NET) Hydride Transfer Controlled by Electronic Effectpeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  7. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate alleviates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  8. Metabolic Rewiring of Bacterial Pathogens in Response to Antibiotic Pressure-A Molecular Perspective.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  9. Light dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase: a succinct look.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  10. Catalytic reduction of NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H.peer-reviewedsupports
  11. Isoamericanin A improves lipopolysaccharide‐induced memory impairment in mice through suppression of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateoxidase‐dependent nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathwaypeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  12. Mitochondrial Health Through Nicotinamide Riboside and Berberine: Shared Pathways and Therapeutic Potential.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked05 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 7205 Aug 2026
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