Prehistoric megafauna extinctions were driven primarily by human hunting or climate change
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
confidence 64/100
Scientific literature robustly supports the conclusion that prehistoric megafauna extinctions were driven primarily by either human hunting (overkill) or climate change, with many studies pointing to a complex combination or region-specific dominance of these two major factors.
Evidence for · 7
Megafauna demography and late Quaternary climatic change in Australia: A predisposition to extinction
2008 · cited by 30
Paper [0] argues that increasing continental aridity and climate change pushed Australian megafauna to a precarious stage prior to human arrival.
Evidence against · 1
Pleistocene Avifaunas and the Overkill Hypothesis
1977 · cited by 25
Paper [1] concludes that the magnitude and pattern of North American avian extinction are incompatible with the hypothesis that humans played a major role in mammalian generic extinction.
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More for · 6
Climate change, not human population growth, correlates with late Quaternary megafauna declines in North America
2021 · cited by 0
Paper [3] finds that North American megafauna declines correlate strongly with temperature changes rather than human population growth proxies.
Quantifying the effects of climate change and human predation on the extinction of Late Pleistocene megafauna 
2025 · cited by 0
Paper [4] uses a dynamical model to demonstrate that megafauna extinction was primarily caused by excessive human predation.
What caused extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna of Sahul?
2016 · cited by 0
Paper [7] reviews diverse evidence and concludes that direct human impact was the most likely cause of Sahul's Pleistocene megafauna extinction.
Species-specific responses of Late Quaternary megafauna to climate and humans.
2011 · cited by 0
Paper [8] shows that climate was a major driver of population change for large-bodied mammals, while some species faced a combination of climatic and anthropogenic effects.
Worldwide Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene population declines in extant megafauna are associated with Homo sapiens expansion rather than climate change.
2023 · cited by 0
Paper [9] uses genomic data to show that worldwide megafauna population declines are better explained by Homo sapiens expansion than climate change.
Climate warming and humans played different roles in triggering Late Quaternary extinctions in east and west Eurasia.
2017 · cited by 0
Paper [11] indicates that rapid global warming and human impacts played different, taxon-specific roles in driving Late Quaternary extinctions across Eurasia.