Prefrontal cortex development varies significantly across individuals
Multiple neuroimaging and molecular studies demonstrate that prefrontal cortex development exhibits substantial individual variability in structural connectivity, molecular signatures, and functional activation trajectories across adolescence and maturation.
The retrieved papers provide robust evidence across structural neuroimaging, functional fNIRS/fMRI, and molecular analyses showing that prefrontal cortex development and maturation follow varied trajectories depending on age, individual risk factors, and neurobiological profiles. There is no evidence refuting the claim.
Zhao T, Ouyang M, Shou XJ, Zhang S, Ju J, Liao X, Han M, Sun L, Wang X, Xia Y, Hu D, Kang H, Guo J, Wang Q, Li M, Huo R, Liu Y, Yuan H, Peng Y, Huang H, He Y. Hierarchical maturation of structural brain connectomes from birth to childhood.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-68704-w
Paper 0 establishes that structural connectome development features prolonged modular reconfiguration and hub consolidation involving the prefrontal cortex across individuals.
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Chen T, Jiang L, Wen R, Jiang C. Developmental trajectories of prefrontal activation underlying emotional inhibitory control from adolescence to young adulthood: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-026-00339-9
Paper 7 demonstrates age-related differences in prefrontal activation and lateralization during cognitive control tasks from adolescence to young adulthood.
Nano PR, Jaklic DC, Giang V, Soto JA, Mil J, Wang S, Martija A, Wick B, Haeussler M, Bhaduri A. Intrinsic coordination of dynamic molecular signatures shape the human prefrontal cortex. 2026. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.05.13.724991
Paper 9 highlights specialized molecular signatures and intrinsic determinants that orchestrate human prefrontal cortex development and identity.
Huang Y, Xu H, Zhang W, Jin J, Li Y, Yan C. Transdiagnostic divergent neural development of reward anticipation in early adolescents at risk for depression and psychosis.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101736
Paper 11 shows divergent developmental trajectories of prefrontal-limbic activation and reward anticipation among adolescents.
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