Pomerons exist as virtual particles in high-energy scattering.
Pomerons are well-established theoretical constructs within Regge theory and perturbative QCD used to describe high-energy diffractive scattering, behaving effectively through gluon and quark exchanges.
The retrieved papers consistently treat pomerons as valid effective descriptions and theoretical objects (such as in Regge theory, pomeron exchange in proton-proton scattering, and pomeron fan diagrams in QCD). There are no refutations of pomerons among the provided papers; rather, they explore the finer details of pomeron-mediated interactions, trajectories, and vertices.
Tomography of ultrarelativistic nuclei with polarized photon-gluon collisions.. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abq3903
Paper 2 discusses diffractive photoproduction via quark-antiquark and gluon exchanges equivalent to pomeron dynamics in high-energy collisions.
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Ziyi Hu, Brian Maddock, Nelia Mann. A second look at string-inspired models for proton-proton scattering via Pomeron exchange. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep08(2018)093
Paper 3 explicitly investigates string-inspired models for proton-proton scattering via pomeron exchange.
J. Bartels, M. A. Braun. Pomeron fan diagrams in perturbative QCD. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep06(2018)095
Paper 4 studies pomeron fan diagrams and triple pomeron vertices within QCD reggeon field theory.
Ball RD, Nocera ER, Rojo J. The asymptotic behaviour of parton distributions at small and large <i>x</i>.. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4240-4
Paper 5 connects parton distribution functions at small x to Regge theory, where the pomeron trajectory governs high-energy hadronic scattering behavior.
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