Background: Both extreme heat and air pollution exposure during pregnancy have been associated with preterm birth; however, their combined effects are unclear. Objectives: Our goal was to estimate the independent and joint effects of heatwaves and fine particulate matter [PM <2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)], exposure during the final gestational week on preterm birth. Methods: Using birth registry data from Guangzhou, China, we included 215,059 singleton live births in the warm season (1 May–31 October) between January 2015 and July 2017. Daily meteorological variables from 5 monitoring stations and PM2.5 concentrations from 11 sites were used to estimate district-specific exposures. A series of cut off temperature thresholds and durations (2, 3, and 4 consecutive d) were used to define 15 different heatwaves. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the effects of heatwaves and PM2.5 exposures during the final week on preterm birth, and departures from additive joint effects were assessed using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). Results: Numbers of preterm births increased in association with heatwave exposures during the final gestational week. Depending on the heatwave definition used, hazard ratios (HRs) ranged from 1.10 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.20) to 1.92 (1.39, 2.64). Associations were stronger for more intense heatwaves. Combined effects of PM2.5 exposures and heatwaves appeared to be synergistic (RERIs>0) for less extreme heatwaves (i.e., shorter or with relatively low temperature thresholds) but were less than additive (RERIs<0) for more intense heatwaves. Conclusions: Our research strengthens the evidence that exposure to heatwaves during the final gestational week can independently trigger preterm birth. Moderate heatwaves may also act synergistically with PM2.5 exposure to increase risk of preterm birth, which adds new evidence to the current understanding of combined effects of air pollution and meteorological variables on adverse birth outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5117

Urbanization has numerous benefits to human society, but some aspects of urban environments, such as air pollution, can negatively affect human health. Two major air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), have been classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Here, we answer two questions: (1) What are the carcinogenic effects of PM and PAH exposure? (2) How does carcinogenic risk vary across geographical regions? We performed a comprehensive literature search of peer-reviewed published studies examining the link between air pollution and human cancer rates. Focusing on studies published since 2014 when the last IARC monograph on air pollution was published, we converted the extracted data into relative risks and performed subgroup analyses. Exposure to PM_2.5 (per 10 μg/m³) resulted in an 8.5% increase in cancer incidence when all cancer types were combined, and risk for individual cancer types (i.e. lung cancer and adenocarcinoma) was also elevated. PM_2.5 was also associated with 2.5% higher mortality due to cancer when all types of cancer were combined, and for individual cancer types (i.e., lung and breast cancer). Exposure to PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ posed the greatest risk to lung cancer incidence and mortality in Europe (PM_2.5 RR 2.15; PM₁₀ RR 1.26); the risk in Asia and the Americas was also elevated. Exposure to PAH and benzo[a]pyrene significantly increased the pooled risk of cancer incidence (10.8% and 8.0% respectively) at the highest percentile of exposure concentration. Our meta-analyses of studies over the past decade shows that urban air pollution in the form of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and PAH all elevate the incidence and mortality of cancer. We discuss the possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis of PM and PAH. These results support World Health Organization's conclusion that air pollution poses among the greatest health risks to humans living in cities.

Introduction In 2019, fine particulate matter [PM2:5, particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter of ≤2:5 lm] air pollution was responsible for approximately 6:4million and 50,000 premature deaths worldwide and in the United States, respectively. Distinct health effects of short-term (i.e., hours-to-days) PM2:5 exposures are well-documented. Although studies have consistently found disparities in long-term PM2:5 exposures for people of color (POC) in the United States,3–6 racial/ethnic disparities in short-term PM2:5 exposures nationwide have not been investigated. We aimed to advance knowledge by estimating shortterm PM2:5 exposure disparities for racial/ethnic groups nationwide and within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) regions.

Background: The rising global prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has prompted investigations into environmental risk factors beyond traditional lifestyle causes. Air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) has emerged as a potential contributor to diabetes. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from large scale cohort studies to evaluate the association between long term air pollution exposure and T2D risk. Subjects and Method: We analyzed prospective cohort studies (2020–2025) assessing air pollution and incident T2D, sourced from PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE using the search terms: ("air pollution" OR "PM2.5") AND ("type 2 diabetes" OR "T2D") AND ("cohort" OR "longitudinal"). We using PECO framework (Populatio= adults population; Exposure=High Exposure of PM2.5; Comparison=Low Exposure of PM2.5; Outcomes=T2D). The independent variable was Exposure of PM2.5 and dependent variable was T2D. Primary studies included were cohort manuscript published in english with year of publication between 2020 until 2025, reported adjusted hazard ratios (aHR), and the subjects was adults without diabetes at baseline. Studies were evaluated using the CASP Scale, and data were analyzed using RevMan 13. Results: This study includes 9 papers, using Cohort study designs, from China, United Kingdom, South Korea and United States. PM₂.₅ exposure consistently increased T2D risk with stronger effects at lower exposure levels (aHR = 1.24; 95% Cl = 1.07 to 1.42; p=0.004). Conclusion: Long-term PM₂.₅ exposure significantly increases T2D risk and progression

of 10 micrometers (μm) or less; fine particles, designated PM2.5, with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less; ultrafine particles, PM.10 with a diameter of 100 nanometers Particulate matter (PM) or particulates are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air. The combination of particulates and air is called an aerosol. Sources of particulate matter can be either natural or occur as a result of human activities. Particulates may adversely affect human health and impact climate and precipitation. Categories of atmospheric particles include i The…

<h4>Background</h4>Epidemiological evidence increasingly implicates ambient particulate matter (PM) as a contributor to diabetes progression and premature mortality; however, the strength and consistency of these associations remain uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis quantified the relationship between exposure to major PM fractions-particularly PM_2.5 and PM₁₀-and the risk of diabetes-related mortality in adult populations.<h4>Methods</h4>Following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, five databases were searched through September 30, 2025. Eligible observational studies assessed long- or short-term exposure to ambient PM and reported quantitative estimates for diabetes-associated deaths. Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects models and expressed as relative risk (RR) per 10 µg/m³ increment in PM concentration. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses explored sources of heterogeneity.<h4>Results</h4>Thirty-six studies (41 datasets) were included. Pooled analysis showed a significant positive association between PM_2.5 exposure and diabetes-related mortality (RR = 1.123; 95%CI: 1.099-1.147; I² = 95.3%). The effect was stronger for long-term exposure (RR = 1.296; 95%CI: 1.197-1.395) and prospective cohorts (RR = 1.327; 95%CI: 1.189-1.466). PM₁₀ was also associated with increased risk, though with smaller magnitude (RR = 1.021; 95%CI: 1.007-1.035; I² = 81.7%). Meta-regression confirmed exposure duration as a significant modifier (p = 0.014).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Both fine (PM_2.5) and coarse (PM₁₀) particulate matter are significantly associated with increased diabetes-related mortality, with the strongest and most consistent effects observed for chronic PM_2.5 exposure. These findings highlight the metabolic health burden of air pollution and underscore the importance of stringent air-quality standards to reduce premature diabetes deaths globally.

This study investigated the association of PM2.5 exposure with VEGF by conducting a systematic review of existing literature and performing a meta-analysis. We searched all the studies published in the Cochrane Library, PUBMED, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang Electronic Database before June 2017. Finally six studies were identified. It confirmed that the increase in VEGF (β = 1.23 pg/ml, 95% CI: 0.45, 2.01) was significantly associated with the PM2.5 mass concentration of 10 μg/m3. Studies from Canada showed that PM2.5 exposu

Razrađeni su postupci mikrovalne ili ultrazvučne ekstrakcije za multirezidualnu analizu tragova organoklorovih (OC) pesticida i specifičnih kongenera polikloriranih bifenila u tlu (35 spojeva) i u frakciji lebdećih čestica PM2,5 u zraku (27 spojeva). Otapalo za ekstrakciju bila je smjesa (n-heksan, aceton)=1:1. Pročišćeni ekstrakti analizirani su plinskom kromatografijom uz detekciju spojeva detektorom zahvata elektrona i spektrometrijom masa. Istražen je utjecaj sastojaka matrice tla na djelotvornost dvaju različitih postupaka ekstrakcije i selektivnost i osjetljivost odziva detektora. Mikrov

[CA] La contaminació ambiental o atmosfèrica és un problema generalitzat en les grans ciutats. Normalment es mesuren els nivells de partícules (PM2.5 i PM10), diòxid de nitrogen (NO2) i diòxid de sofre (SO2). Amb aquest Treball de Fi de Grau es pretén desenvolupar una aplicació mòbil nativa senzilla que permeta la consulta dels valors d’aquests contaminants per a una ubicació específica. L’objectiu pricipal és proporcionar als usuaris informació actualitzada sobre la qualitat de l’aire i altres contaminants en temps real, perquè puguen prendre decisions informades. En la seua versió inicial, l

The World Health Organization (WHO) continues to declare air pollution as a public health emergency and the most significant environmental threat to human health, and as a leading cause of premature death for up to 7 million people annually. In 2021, the WHO updated the 2005 global air quality guidelines and identified the effects of the main environmental and domestic air pollutants: particulate matter of a diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) or ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. However, an estimated 99% of the global population lives in areas where air pollution exceeds WHO air quality guidelines. Air pollution affects health throughout life and has an impact on fetal development, birth outcomes, childhood development, and chronic diseases in adults (heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, and dementia), resulting in reduced life expectancy. In May 2025, at the 78th World Health Assembly (WHA78), the WHO Member States approved a new global roadmap to address the global crisis of air pollution and the effects on health and mortality. On 1st December 2025, the European Environmental Agency (EEA) issued an updated statement following an evaluation of the effects of air pollution in the European Union (EU) Member States. This article aims to review what is currently known about the components of air pollution and their impact on human health, and to introduce recent global and European environmental and health recommendations.