Planets are not disrupted by the solar wind because of their planetary magnetic fields and gravity
Planetary magnetic fields and atmospheric boundaries act as critical shields that deflect solar wind and protect planetary atmospheres from being stripped away.
The retrieved papers consistently support the principle that planetary magnetic fields and ionized boundaries (magnetospheres and ionopauses) protect planets from the erosive effects of stellar/solar winds, whereas unmagnetized bodies suffer severe atmospheric and ion escape.
Kislyakova KG, Lammer H, Holmström M, Panchenko M, Odert P, Erkaev NV, Leitzinger M, Khodachenko ML, Kulikov YN, Kulikov YN, Güdel M, Hanslmeier A. XUV-exposed, non-hydrostatic hydrogen-rich upper atmospheres of terrestrial planets. Part II: hydrogen coronae and ion escape.. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2012.0958
Discusses how planetary obstacles such as magnetospheres and ionopauses protect upper atmospheres and mitigate ion escape from stellar winds.
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Green J, Draper D, Boardsen S, Dong C. When the Moon had a magnetosphere.. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc0865
Demonstrates that a strong global magnetosphere provides critical protection against solar storms and reduces atmospheric stripping over time.
Gao J, Li S, Mittelholz A, Rong Z, Persson M, Shi Z, Lu H, Zhang C, Wang X, Dong C, Klinger L, Cui J, Wei Y, Pan Y. Two distinct current systems in the ionosphere of Mars.. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54073-9
Shows that unmagnetized planets experience significant solar wind interactions and ion escape due to the lack of an intrinsic magnetic field shield.
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