Philosophical frameworks such as dualism, idealism, neutral monism, and dual-aspect theories explicitly posit entities or foundational domains beyond simple mind and matter.
The retrieved literature extensively discusses philosophical traditions, historical frameworks, and contemporary theories (such as dualism, idealist frameworks, dual-aspect monism, and psychophysically neutral domains) that explicitly go beyond traditional materialist or strictly physicalist ontologies. Multiple papers validate or explore these non-reductionist and expanded metaphysical positions.