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the claim
Philosophers have argued that ad hominem arguments are sometimes valid
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
3 sources for · 0 against

Philosophers and argumentation theorists have increasingly argued that certain types of ad hominem arguments are not inherently fallacious and can sometimes be logically legitimate.

Evidence for · 3
2010 · cited by 36
The paper argues that virtue epistemology can redeem certain ad hominem arguments as legitimate attacks on intellectual character.
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The analysis

The retrieved papers feature several philosophical works (such as Johnson 2010, Tindale 2008, and Cohen 2015) arguing that ad hominem arguments can be legitimate rather than strictly fallacious under specific conditions (such as virtue epistemology or evidentialism). Therefore, the claim is supported by the literature.

More for · 2
2008 · cited by 18
The paper concludes that ad hominems are provisional and presumptive tools that do not necessarily constitute logical mistakes.
2015 · cited by 13
The paper defends an evidentialist approach concluding that ad hominem arguments can be legitimate without relying on virtue theory.
Everything we examined (12)
We also searched for evidence AGAINST this claim, not only for it.
  1. COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers-A Review.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  2. Attacking Character: Ad Hominem Argument and Virtue Epistemologypeer-reviewedsupports
  3. Lightening up on the Ad Hominempeer-reviewedsupports
  4. Biases in bioethics: a narrative review.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  5. Virtues, Evidence, and Ad Hominem Argumentspeer-reviewedsupports
  6. Ad hominem arguments in the service of boundary work among climate scientistspeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  7. It's All Very Well for You to Talk! Situationally Disqualifying Ad Hominem Attackspeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  8. Fairly Criticized, or Politicized? Conflicts in the Neuroscience of Sex Differences in the Human Brain.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  9. Ad Hominem Argumentspeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  10. Does Virtue Epistemology Provide a Better Account of the <i>Ad Hominem</i> Argument? A Reply to Christopher Johnsonpeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  11. An Experimental Study on the Evaluation of Metaphorical Ad Hominem Argumentspeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  12. Toward an experimental account of argumentation: the case of the slippery slope and the ad hominem arguments.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked06 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 8506 Aug 2026
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