The common geometrical (symplectic) structures of classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and classical thermodynamics are unveiled with three pictures. These cardinal theories, mainly at the non-relativistic approximation, are the cornerstones for studying chemical dynamics and chemical kinetics. Working in extended phase spaces, we show that the physical states of integrable dynamical systems are depicted by Lagrangian submanifolds embedded in phase space. Observable quantities are calculated by properly transforming the extended phase space onto a reduced space, and trajectories are integrated by solving Hamilton’s equations of motion. After defining a Riemannian metric, we can also estimate the length between two states. Local constants of motion are investigated by integrating Jacobi fields and solving the variational linear equations. Diagonalizing the symplectic fundamental matrix, eigenvalues equal to one reveal the number of constants of motion. For conservative systems, geometrical quantum mechanics has proved that solving the Schrödinger equation in extended Hilbert space, which incorporates the quantum phase, is equivalent to solving Hamilton’s equations in the projective Hilbert space. In classical thermodynamics, we take entropy and energy as canonical variables to construct the extended phase space and to represent the Lagrangian submanifold. Hamilton’s and variational equations are written and solved in the same fashion as in classical mechanics. Solvers based on high-order finite differences for numerically solving Hamilton’s, variational, and Schrödinger equations are described. Employing the Hénon–Heiles two-dimensional nonlinear model, representative results for time-dependent, quantum, and dissipative macroscopic systems are shown to illustrate concepts and methods. High-order finite-difference algorithms, despite their accuracy in low-dimensional systems, require substantial computer resources when they are applied to systems with many degrees of freedom, such as polyatomic molecules. We discuss recent research progress in employing Hamiltonian neural networks for solving Hamilton’s equations. It turns out that Hamiltonian geometry, shared with all physical theories, yields the necessary and sufficient conditions for the mutual assistance of humans and machines in deep-learning processes.

New notions of the complexity function C(ε;t,s) and entropy function S(ε;t,s) are introduced to describe systems with nonzero or zero Lyapunov exponents or systems that exhibit strong intermittent behavior with “flights,” trappings, weak mixing, etc. The important part of the new notions is the first appearance of ε-separation of initially close trajectories. The complexity function is similar to the propagator p(t0,x0;t,x) with a replacement of x by the natural lengths s of trajectories, and its introduction does not assume of the space–time independence in the process of evolution of the system. A special stress is done on the choice of variables and the replacement t→η=ln t, s→ξ=ln s makes it possible to consider time-algebraic and space-algebraic complexity and some mixed cases. It is shown that for typical cases the entropy function S(ε;ξ,η) possesses invariants (α,β) that describe the fractal dimensions of the space–time structures of trajectories. The invariants (α,β) can be linked to the transport properties of the system, from one side, and to the Riemann invariants for simple waves, from the other side. This analog provides a new meaning for the transport exponent μ that can be considered as the speed of a Riemann wave in the log-phase space of the log-space–time variables. Some other applications of new notions are considered and numerical examples are presented.

Symplectic mappings of the plane serve as key models for exploring the fundamental nature of complex behavior in nonlinear systems. Central to this exploration is the effective visualization of stability regimes, which enables the interpretation of how systems evolve under varying conditions. While the area-preserving quadratic Hénon map has received significant theoretical attention, a comprehensive description of its mixed parameter-space dynamics remain lacking. This limitation arises from early attempts to reduce the full two-dimensional phase space to a one-dimensional projection, a simplification that resulted in the loss of important dynamical features. Consequently, there is a clear need for a more thorough understanding of the underlying qualitative aspects. This paper aims to address this gap by revisiting the foundational concepts of reversibility and associated symmetries, first explored in the early works of G.D. Birkhoff. We extend the original framework proposed by Hénon by adding a period-doubling diagram to his isochronous diagram, which allows to represents the system’s bifurcations and the groups of symmetric periodic orbits that emerge in typical bifurcations of the fixed point. A qualitative and quantitative explanation of the main features of the region of parameters with bounded motion is provided, along with the application of this technique to other symplectic mappings, including cases of multiple reversibility. Modern chaos indicators, such as the Re

Le formalisme multisymplectique pour les théories des super-champs et les structures symplectiques non-équivalentes sur l'espace des phases co-variant Le Calcul des Variations et son interprétation géométrique ont toujours joué un rôle crucial en Physique Mathématique, que ce soit par le formalisme lagrangien, ou à travers les équations hamiltoniennes.Le formalisme multisymplectique permet une description géométrique de dimension finie des théories de champ classiques (qui correspondent à des problèmes variationnels avec plusieurs variables spatio-temporelles) vues d’un point de vue hamiltonien. La géométrie multisymplectique joue un rôle similaire à celui de la géométrie symplectique dans la description de la mécanique hamiltonienne classique. De plus, l’approche multisymplectique fournit un outil pour construire une structure symplectique sur l’espace des solutions de la théorie des champs et pour l’étudier.Dans cette thèse, je m’intéresse principalement au formalisme multisymplectique pour construire des théories de champs de premier ordre et j’espère pouvoir donner deux principales contributions originales :– Je montre que, dans certaines situations, la structure symplectique de l’espace des phases covariant peut en effet dépendre du choix de la topologie du découpage de l’espace-temps en l’espace et en le temps;– Je construis une extension du formalisme multisymplectique aux théories de super-champs. En tant que «sous-produit», je présente une autre contribution que j’espère intéressante :– Je définie des formes fractionnaires sur des supervariétés avec leur calcul de Cartan. Ces formes fractionnaires se révèlent utiles pour construire le formalisme multisymplectique pour les théories de super-champs.Les ingrédients principaux du formalisme que j'utilise sont : l’espace des multimoments de dimension finie P et son extension aux théories de super-champs que je définie ; la superforme lagrangienne, le superhamiltonien et la superforme multisymplectique. Dans la thèse je montre aussi un théorème de comparaison qui permets de clarifier les relations existant entre les théories dites en composantes et les théories de superchamps. J’explique comment le formalisme supermultisymplectique peut être utilisé pour définir des super crochets de Poisson pour les superchamps. Je donne une version "super" du premier théorème de Noether valable pour l'action de supergroupes de symétrie et je propose une extension « super » de l'application multimoment. Enfin je présente quelques exemples montrant comment toute la théorie peut être mise en œuvre : en particulier j'étudie la superparticule libre et le modèle sigma 3-dimensionnel.

The first evidence of widespread chaotic plasma dynamics relevant to the onset of disruptive tearing modes is found in DIII-D tokamak discharges. This evidence is obtained by calculating positive maximal Lyapunov exponents from Mirnov signals using the Rosenstein algorithm, implying the chaotic growth and/or rotation of magnetohydrodynamic modes in DIII-D [Luxon, Nucl. Fusion 42, 614 (2002)] plasmas. Such chaotic dynamics offer an explanation for the random tearing mode onset times previously observed in ITER baseline scenario discharges. Further, the Lyapunov timescales associated with this chaos could inhibit reliable prediction of tearing mode onset beyond the angular momentum confinement timescale; this constraint should inform the design of plasma control systems on ITER.

We consider a truncation of the BMN matrix model to a configuration of two fuzzy spheres, described by two coupled non-linear oscillators dependent on the mass parameter μ. The classical phase diagram of the system generically (μ ≠ 0) contains three equilibrium points: two centers and a center-saddle; as μ → 0 the system exhibits a pitchfork bifurcation. We demonstrate that the system is exactly integrable in quadratures for μ = 0, while for very large values of μ, it approaches another integrable point characterized by two harmonic oscillators. The classical phase space is mixed, containing both integrable islands and chaotic regions, as evidenced by the classical Lyapunov spectrum. At the quantum level, we explore indicators of early and late time chaos. The eigenvalue spacing is best described by a Brody distribution, which interpolates between Poisson and Wigner distributions; it dovetails, at the quantum level, the classical results and reemphasizes the notion that the quantum system is mixed. We also study the spectral form factor and the quantum Lyapunov exponent, as defined by out-of-time-ordered correlators. These two indicators of quantum chaos exhibit weak correlations with the Brody distribution. We speculate that the behavior of the system as μ → 0 dominates the spectral form factor and the quantum Lyapunov exponent, making these indicators of quantum chaos less effective in the context of a mixed phase space.