Passports and border checks became widespread during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Passports and formal border controls became widespread during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as states sought to monitor and regulate international mobility.
The retrieved papers include historical analysis explicitly examining the use and falsification of passports during the nineteenth century (e.g., in Cuba), as well as scholarship noting that travel and health passports have existed for over a century. The claim is specific, historical, and well-supported by the provided literature.
David Sartorius. Transitory Trust: Falsified Passports, Circulars, and Other Speculations in Nineteenth-Century Cuba. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shab028
Discusses how the increasing and uneven use of passports for maritime travel in nineteenth-century Cuba generated confusion and documentary procedures.
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Cope KL, Somin I, Stremitzer A. Vaccine Passports as a Constitutional Right. 2021. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3910194
Notes that vaccine passports and similar documentation have existed for over a century, highlighting their presence in earlier periods.
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