Paleoelevation of mountain ranges can be determined using geological proxies

Sundell KE, Saylor JE, Lapen TJ, Horton BK. Implications of variable late Cenozoic surface uplift across the Peruvian central Andes.. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41257-3

Paper [2] applies hydrogen isotopic compositions of hydrated volcanic glasses and modern stream waters to determine late Cenozoic surface uplift and paleoelevation across the Peruvian central Andes.

M. Meijers, T. Mikes, B. Rojay, E. Aydar, H. E. Çubukçu, T. Wagner, Tina Lüdecke, E. Krsnik, J. Fiebig, A. Mulch. Miocene decoupling of surface uplift of the Central Anatolian Plateau interior (Türkiye) and its modern mountainous margins. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119414

Paper [3] employs stable isotope paleoaltimetry on soil carbonates and dual clumped isotope paleothermometry to generate paleoelevation estimates for the Central Anatolian Plateau.

Luffi P, Ducea MN. Chemical Mohometry: Assessing Crustal Thickness of Ancient Orogens Using Geochemical and Isotopic Data.. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021rg000753

Paper [4] discusses whole-chemical parameters and detrital mineral data as geochemical proxies ('mohometers') to reconstruct paleocrustal thickness and orogenic paleoelevation.

Deng Zeng, Lin Ding, Zhongyu Xiong, Liyun Zhang, Chao Wang, Junyi Wang, Xiaodong Wang, Yahui Yue, Jing Xie, Xudong Guo. Insights into paleoelevation and paleo-drainage change in northern Tibet from the Late Cretaceous to late Oligocene. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1130/b38115.1

Paper [7] integrates stable and clumped isotope analyses on paleosol carbonates to establish the paleoelevation of northern Tibet.

Li L, Garzione CN. Upward and outward growth of north-central Tibet: Mechanisms that build high-elevation, low-relief plateaus.. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adh3058

Paper [8] records precipitation temperatures of lacustrine carbonates to reconstruct surface uplift and paleoelevation changes in north-central Tibet.

Pingel H, Alonso RN, Bookhagen B, Cottle JM, Mulch A, Rohrmann A, Strecker MR. Miocene surface uplift and orogenic evolution of the southern Andean Plateau (central Puna), northwestern Argentina.. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2303964120

Paper [9] uses stable hydrogen-isotope analyses of volcanic glass and radiometric dating from sedimentary deposits to reconstruct the surface uplift and paleoelevation of the southern Andean Plateau.