Background Disordered eating behaviour including binge-eating often results in significant medical conditions, which are at times fatal. It can result in acute gastric dilatation which can lead to ischemic necrosis and stomach rupture. Dyspepsia and bloating are common symptoms following binge eating. Patients commonly use over-the-counter medications like sodium bicarbonate or home remedies for relief. However, in very rare, reported cases, sodium bicarbonate has been attributed to cause acute gastric dilatation and spontaneous gastric rupture instead. Methods We report two cases of spontaneous gastric rupture following consumption of sodium bicarbonate containing antacids after a large meal, and a review of the literature of similar cases. Results A total of 36 cases were identified. Approximately half of the cases (47.2%) were correlated with eating disorders, with higher prevalence in females (69%) and a very high mortality rate (41.6%). Amongst the 36 cases, sodium bicarbonate ingestion was associated with 10 cases. The lesser curvature (36.1%) and anterior wall (33.3%) are the most common sites of rupture. Associated causes include binge-eating, gas release from sodium bicarbonate, gastric content fermentation, proximal and distal outlet obstruction, and muscular atony. Discussion Sudden distension and impaired emptying mechanism of the stomach is necessary for spontaneous gastric rupture to occur. Acute gastric dilatation with perforation requires definitive surgical management. There should be a low threshold of suspicion for patients presenting with severe abdominal pain and abdominal distension following an episode of binge-eating. There is a need for patient education around the use of over-the-counter medications or home remedies. Disordered eating ranges from simple dieting to eating disorders. A large proportion of overweight or obese adolescents and young adults engage in disordered eating behaviours, most commonly binge-eating. While such behaviours can result in significant medical conditions, it commonly results in uncomfortable gastrointestinal symptoms. Over-the-counter medications are often used to relieve symptoms like indigestion, abdominal pain, and heartburn. Sodium bicarbonate, a common ingredient in these medications, has been associated with spontaneous stomach rupture. Despite this, sodium bicarbonate is suggested online as a home remedy for these symptoms. In this article we report two such cases of spontaneous stomach ruptures following the consumption of sodium bicarbonate containing antacids, following a large meal. We then review the literature for similar cases. We discuss the functional changes in the body resulting in the injury, the mortality rates, suggested management approaches and the relevance of our study. Our article emphasises the need for a low threshold of suspicion for patients presenting with severe abdominal pain with abdominal distension following a binge-eating episode. There is also a need to educate patients surrounding the use of over-the-counter medications or home remedies, as they are often unaware of potentially fatal adverse effects with inappropriate use.

Introduction Obesity is a growing health concern and a known risk factor for binge eating disorder (BED). BED is characterized by episodes of overeating with a loss of control, often leading to psychological distress. In some cases, medication may be recommended to manage depressive symptoms and support weight loss. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, works by targeting the brain’s reward system to reduce psychological stress and enhance feelings of fullness. However, there is limited research on the use of liraglutide for patients with both obesity and BED. This qualitative study aimed to investigate how patients with these conditions experience treatment with liraglutide. Methods A qualitative design with individual semi-structured, in-depth interviews was employed. Eight informants aged 25–60 years were interviewed, and data were analyzed using systematic text condensation. Results Two main themes, each with three associated subthemes, emerged. The first main theme was: The role of food on the expression of BED, with subthemes: Food as an emotion regulator, Persistent thoughts on eating and dieting, and Emotional and situational triggers for binge eating. The second main theme was Experiences with liraglutide in managing BED, with subthemes: Meeting emotional and physical needs, Reducing thoughts about food, and Decreasing triggers for eating. The experiences with medication (main theme 2) influenced the expression of BED (main theme 1) as informants reported that liraglutide impacted their BED symptoms. Discussion Findings suggest that patients with obesity and BED found liraglutide helpful in addressing emotional and physical needs, enhancing emotional well-being, social interactions, and overall quality of life. Further qualitative research is needed to explore the long-term impact of liraglutide on emotional and behavioral changes in this population.

process. The probability of a gastric rupture increases. A gastric rupture is when there is a sudden rupture of the stomach lining that can be fatal. The acids An eating disorder (ED) is a mental disorder defined by abnormal eating behaviors that adversely affect a person's physical or mental health. These behaviors may include eating too much food or too little food, as well as body image issues. Types of eating disorders include anorexia, where the person has an intense fear of gaining weight, thus restricts food and/or overexercises to manage this fea Miscarriages: Pregnant women with a binge eating disorder have shown to have a greater chance of having a miscarriage compared to pregnant women with any other eating disorders. According to a study done, out of a group of pregnant women being evaluated, 46.7% of the pregnancies ended with a miscarriage in women that were diagnosed with BED, with 23.0% in the control. In the same study, 21.4% of women diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa had their pregnancies end with miscarriages and only 17.7% of the controls. Relapse: An individual who is in remission from BN and EDNOS (Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified) is at a high risk of falling back into the habit of self-harm. Factors such as high stress regarding their job, pressures from society, as well as other occurrences that inflict stress on a person, can push a person back to what they feel will ease the pain. A study tracked a group of selected people that were either diagnosed with BN or EDNOS for 60 months. After the 60 months were complete, the researchers recorded whether or not the person was having a relapse. The results found that the probability of a person previously diagnosed with EDNOS had a 41% chance of relapsing; a person with BN had a 47% chance. Attachment insecurity: People who are showing signs of attachment anxiety will most likely have trouble communicating their emotional status as well as having trouble seeking effective social support. Signs that a person has adopted this symptom include not showing recognition to their caregiver or when he/she is feeling pain. In a clinical sample, it is clear that at the pretreatment step of a patient's recovery, more severe eating disorder symptoms directly corresponds to higher attachment anxiety. The more this symptom increases, the more difficult it is to achieve eating disorder reduction prior to treatment. Impaired Decision Making: Studies have found mixed results on the relationship between eating disorders and decision making. Researchers have continuously found that patients with anorexia nervosa were less capable of thinking about long-term consequences of their decisions when completing the Iowa Gambling Task, a test designed to measure a…

(1) Background: Emotional eating is considered as the propensity to eat in response to emotions. It is considered as a critical risk factor for recurrent weight gain. Such overeating is able to affect general health due to excess energy intake and mental health. So far, there is still considerable controversy on the effect of the emotional eating concept. The objective of this study is to summarize and evaluate the interconnections among emotional eating and overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns; (2) Methods: This is a thorough review of the reported associations among emotional eating and overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns. We compressively searched the most precise scientific online databases, e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar to obtain the most up-to-date data from clinical studies in humans from the last ten years (2013-2023) using critical and representative keywords. Several inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied for scrutinizing only longitudinal, cross-sectional, descriptive, and prospective clinical studies in Caucasian populations; (3) Results: The currently available findings suggest that overeating/obesity and unhealthy eating behaviors (e.g., fast food consumption) are associated with emotional eating. Moreover, the increase in depressive symptoms seems to be related with more emotional eating. Psychological distress is also related with a greater risk for emotional eating. However, the most common limitations are the small sample size and their lack of diversity. In addition, a cross-sectional study was performed in the majority of them; (4) Conclusions: Finding coping mechanisms for the negative emotions and nutrition education can prevent the prevalence of emotional eating. Future studies should further explain the underlying mechanisms of the interconnections among emotional eating and overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns.