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the claim
Omeprazole causes dementia
the verdict
CONTESTED
contested - the weight sits with the refuting side
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
1 source for · 3 against

Evidence regarding whether proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole cause dementia remains contested. While some observational and review studies have noted statistical links between long-term use and cognitive concerns, large meta-analyses and prospective cohort studies have generally found no significant association.

The evidence we hold leans leans refuted

How this was weighed

official record 3x · fact-check 2x · hedged 1x · crowd & reference 1x

  • Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and the Risk of Kidney D · peer-reviewed · supports · weight 1.05 · 2025
  • Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of dementia · peer-reviewed · refutes · weight 1.6 · 2019
  • ASSOCIATION OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR USE WITH INCIDENT DEMEN · peer-reviewed · refutes · weight 1.3 · 2023
  • Proton pump inhibitors do not increase the risk of dementia: · peer-reviewed · refutes · weight 1.3 · 2020
Evidence for · 1
Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and the Risk of Kidney Disease, Dementia, and Fractures: A Systematic Review
2025 · cited by 3
A systematic review notes that several observational studies found statistically significant associations between long-term PPI use and adverse neurological outcomes including cognitive decline.
Evidence against · 3
Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of dementia
2019 · cited by 53
A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies found no statistically significant association between proton pump inhibitor use and the risk of dementia or Alzheimer's disease.
See more details
The analysis

The claim asserts that omeprazole (a proton pump inhibitor) causes dementia. The provided literature features mixed evidence: paper [4] highlights positive observational links, whereas robust meta-analyses and large prospective studies ([0], [1], [2]) find no statistically significant association between PPIs and incident dementia. This direct conflict in the retrieved literature makes the verdict CONTESTED.

More against · 2
ASSOCIATION OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR USE WITH INCIDENT DEMENTIA AND COGNITIVE DECLINE IN OLDER ADULTS: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
2023 · cited by 18
A large prospective cohort study (ASPREE) of older adults found that baseline proton pump inhibitor use was not associated with incident dementia or cognitive decline.
Proton pump inhibitors do not increase the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.
2020 · cited by 17
A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies concluded that there is no significant relationship between long-term PPI use and the development of dementia.
Everything we examined (12)
We also searched for evidence AGAINST this claim, not only for it.
  1. Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of dementiapeer-reviewedrefutes
  2. ASSOCIATION OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR USE WITH INCIDENT DEMENTIA AND COGNITIVE DECLINE IN OLDER ADULTS: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDYpeer-reviewedrefutes
  3. Proton pump inhibitors do not increase the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.peer-reviewedrefutes
  4. Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Risk of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhotic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  5. Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and the Risk of Kidney Disease, Dementia, and Fractures: A Systematic Reviewpeer-reviewedsupports
  6. Interplay between dietary nitrate metabolism and proton pump inhibitors: impact on nitric oxide pathways and health outcomes.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  7. Comparison of Cardiovascular Events in Patients Receiving Concomitant Clopidogrel and Proton Pump Inhibitors Classified by CYP2C19 Inhibitory Potency.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  8. Assessing Impact of Concomitant Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Clopidogrel on Incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Retrospective Cohort Study.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  9. Furazolidone-associated drug-induced interstitial lung disease: A case report and literature review.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  10. Risk of Depression Related to Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Tegoprazan: A Nationwide Cohort Study.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  11. Long-term proton pump inhibitor use and risk of dementia: a focused review on pantoprazole.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  12. A Vanished Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitors and Clostridioides Difficile Infection After Minimizing Bias.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked06 Aug 2026
judged → CONTESTED · 1406 Aug 2026
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