Objects escaping the Moon can reach Earth through orbital mechanics and gravitational perturbations
Orbital mechanics and numerical simulations confirm that material escaping the Moon can be dynamically transported to Earth and its surrounding orbital environment.
The retrieved papers include direct simulations of lunar ejecta dynamics showing how impact-generated debris from the Moon can escape into space and enter Earth-crossing orbits or co-orbital space through gravitational interactions and orbital mechanics.
Jose Daniel Castro-Cisneros, Renu Malhotra, Aaron J. Rosengren. Lunar ejecta origin of near-Earth asteroid Kamo’oalewa is compatible with rare orbital pathways. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-01031-w
Simulations demonstrate that debris and ejecta escaping the lunar surface can overcome dynamical barriers to enter Earth's co-orbital space and reach orbits similar to near-Earth asteroids.
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S. Yamamoto, T. Mukai. Orbital Evolution of the Lunar Ejecta. 1996. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100501262
Numerical simulations of the orbital evolution of lunar ejecta show that particles escaping the Moon travel near the Earth and maintain an isotropic flux in Earth's vicinity.
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