Nucleated red blood cells in reptiles, birds, and fish serve specific physiological functions
Evidence from multiple studies confirms that nucleated red blood cells in non-mammalian vertebrates like fish and birds participate in active physiological processes, such as immune responses and enzymatic regulation.
The claim is specific and empirically testable regarding the physiological roles of nucleated red blood cells in non-mammalian vertebrates. Retrieved papers such as [4] and [10] provide direct evidence of specific functions (transcriptomic responses to immune challenges and surface enzyme activity) carried out by nucleated erythrocytes in birds and fish. Therefore, the claim is supported by the literature.
Seibel H, Baßmann B, Rebl A. Blood Will Tell: What Hematological Analyses Can Reveal About Fish Welfare.. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.616955
Paper 0 notes that fish blood composition, including the nucleation of distinct cells, requires careful evaluation in physiological and welfare assessments.
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Scalf CS, Chariker JH, Rouchka EC, Ashley NT. Transcriptomic analysis of immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide in zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata).. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-6016-3
Paper 4 demonstrates that unlike mammals, birds have nucleated red blood cells that exhibit a distinct transcriptomic response to immune challenges.
S. Orlov. On the history of ecto-ATPases: The role of W. A. Engelhardt. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11302-007-9055-1
Paper 10 discusses the historical discovery of specialized surface enzymes like ecto-ATPase on nucleated avian, amphibian, and fish erythrocytes.
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