Neuroplasticity decreases in adults due to specific biological maturation processes
Biological maturation processes, such as the development of inhibitory circuits and extracellular matrix changes, progressively constrain neuroplasticity as individuals age.
The retrieved literature consistently supports the claim that neuroplasticity decreases or becomes heavily constrained in adults due to biological maturation processes, such as critical period closure, inhibitory-excitatory balance shifts, and perineuronal net or extracellular matrix maturation.
do Amaral Júnior FL, Rodrigues TA, da Silva NLT, Almeida Diniz IN, de Morais LNA, Diniz DG, Brites D, Anthony DC, Diniz CWP. Comparative Neuroplasticity in Frontal- and Lateral-Eyed Mammals With Induced-Binocular Vision Dysfunction: Insights From Monocular Deprivation Models.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70179
Paper 3 notes that visual cortical plasticity is fine-tuned and constrained through extended critical periods and maturation processes.
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Taliaz D. Early life shifts in cortical inhibitory-excitatory balance underlies sensitive periods and skill development.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2026.1808258
Paper 5 discusses how the maturation of GABAergic interneurons and shifts in excitation-inhibition balance gate and close critical periods of plasticity.
Severin D, Kirkwood A. Tuning excitatory input to fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive interneurons: a lever for plasticity and hyperexcitability across the lifespan.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsyn.2026.1819500
Paper 9 explains that neuroplasticity is high during early critical periods and increasingly constrained with biological maturation and aging.
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