Theory of Pygmalion effect explains how others' expectations about us affect our self-concept and influence our behavior. The verbal and nonverbal messages and strokes, which we receive from significant people in our lives (significant others) influence our self-concept and determine our behavior. This concept can be used as a management tool for increasing the confidence and motivation of employees and thereby enhances the employee productivity. The study was conducted in The Kerala Minerals and Metals Limited (KMML) formerly known as F.X. Pereira & Sons Ltd., which is a Government of Kerala undertaking. KMML is the world's first fully integrated smallest Titanium Dioxide plant. The main objective of the study was to assess the positive signs given by the superiors to the subordinates. The secondary objective was to identify the factors that lead to the employees' effectiveness and efficiency. The study was conducted among 150 employees of KMML from different levels of the organization like the skilled workers, first line supervisors and office staff. Factors like non-verbal and verbal messages, opportunities for self-development, receiving feedback from superiors, etc, play a major role in the positive attitudinal behavior of the employees. It has also been found that only 37% of the respondents get emotional support from their superiors.

<h4>Background</h4>Although limited in predictive accuracy, polygenic scores (PGS) for educational outcomes are currently available to the public via direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies. Further, there is a growing movement to apply PGS in educational settings via 'precision education.' Prior scholarship highlights the potentially negative impacts of such applications, as disappointing results may give rise a "polygenic Pygmalion effect." In this paper two studies were conducted to identify factors that may mitigate or exacerbate negative impacts of PGS.<h4>Methods</h4>Two studies were conducted. In each, 1188 students were randomized to one of four conditions: Low-percentile polygenic score for educational attainment (EA-PGS), Low EA-PGS + Mitigating information, Low EA-PGS + Exacerbating information, or Control. Regression analyses were used to examine differences between conditions.<h4>Results</h4>In Study 1, participants randomized to Control reported significantly higher on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Competence Scale (CS), Academic Efficacy Scale (AES) and Educational Potential Scale (EPS). CS was significantly higher in the Low EA-PGS + Mitigating information condition. CS and AES were significantly lower in the Low EA-PGS + Exacerbating information condition compared to the Low EA-PGS + Mitigating information condition. In Study 2, participants randomized to Control reported significantly higher CS and AES. Pairwise comparisons did not show significant differences in CS and AES. Follow-up pairwise comparisons using Tukey P-value correction did not find significant associations between non-control conditions.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These studies replicated the polygenic Pygmalion effect yet were insufficiently powered to detect significant effects of mitigating contextual information. Regardless of contextual information, disappointing EA-PGS results were significantly associated with lower assessments of self-esteem, competence, academic efficacy, and educational potential.

demonstrated the importance of teachers' expectations: students whose teachers believe they are capable of high achievement tend to do better (Pygmalion effect). Unequal access to education in the United States results in unequal outcomes for students. Disparities in academic access among students in the United States are the result of multiple factors including government policies, district funding, school choice, family wealth, parenting style, implicit bias towards students' race or ethnicity, and the resources available to students and their schools. E A charter school is an independent learning institution most commonly serving secondary students. It receives public funding through a charter granted to a state or local agency. Charter schools have been depicted as a controversial solution to alleviate educational inequality in the United States. In an effort to combat the impacts of living in a low-income school district, charter schools have emerged as a means of reorganizing funding to better assist low-income students and their communities. This method is designed to decrease the negative effects on students' educational quality as a result of living in a low-tax-base community. Critics of charter schools argue they de-emphasize the significance of public education and are subject to greedy enterprise exploiting the fundamental right of education for the sole purpose of profiting. While charter schools are technically considered "public schools," opponents argue that their operational differences implicitly create differences in quality and type of public education, as standards and operating procedures are individualized based on each school. Another criticism of charter schools is the possible negative effects they may have on students who are racial minorities or who come from low-income backgrounds. Studies have found charter schools to be much more segregated than their public school counterparts. Free-market proponents often support charter schools, arguing they are more effective than typical public schools, specifically in reference to low-income students. Other charter school supporters argue that these schools revive participation in public education, expand existing boundaries regarding teaching methods, and encourage a more community-based approach towards education. However, studies have not found conclusive evidence that charter schools as a whole are more effective than traditional public schools. One common model of charter schools is called a "no excuses" school. This label has been adopted by many charter schools as a means of indicating their dedication to a rigorous and immersive educational experience. While there is no official list of features required to be a "no-excuse" charter,…

the external expectations from the coaches to the athletes which could have resulted in the Pygmalion effect with positive and negative results. Researcher A self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that comes true at least in part as a result of a person's belief or expectation that the prediction would come true. In the phenomena, people tend to act the way they have been expected to in order to make the expectations come true. Self-fulfilling prophecies are an example of the more general phenomenon of positive feedback loops. A self-fulfilling pro "C…