In the strict sense; within the strict definition or core (of a specified place, taxonomic order, idea, etc).: ##* ##* {{quote-text|en|year=1976|author=Eu-Yang Kwang|title=The political reconstruction of China|page=165 |passage=Siberia, though it stands outside the territorial confines of Russia proper, constitutes an essentially component part . Outer Mongolia, [so called] to distinguish it from Inner Mongolia, which lies nearer to China proper, revolted and declared its independence.}} ##* ##*

... factors of nation and state . If we look at these components in light of the 1912 Mongolian declaration of independence and the agree- ment between Tibet and Mongolia ... two States have always pro- fessed one and the same religion , and ... One of China’s most influential intellectuals questions the validity of thinking about Chinese history and its legacy from a Western conceptual framework. Wang Hui argues that we need to more fully understand China’s past in order to imagine alternative ways of conceiving Asia and world order.

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometers (603,909 square miles), making it the 18th-largest country in the world and the second largest landlocked nation after Kazakhstan, as well as the largest landlocked country that does not border an inland sea. With a population of 3.5 million, The president is able to veto the laws made by parliament, appoint judges and court justices, and appoint ambassadors. The parliament can override that veto by a two-thirds majority vote. The constitution provides three requirements for taking office as president: the candidate must be a native-born Mongolian, be at least 45 years old, and have resided in Mongolia for five years before taking office. The president must also suspend their party membership. In June 2021, former Prime Minister Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh, the candidate of the ruling Mongolian People's Party, became the country's sixth democratically elected president after winning the presidential election. The largest political parties are the Mongolian People's Party (MPP) and the Democratic Party. The non-governmental organization Freedom House considers Mongolia to be free. The Mongolian People's Party – known as the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) between 1924 and 2010 – governed the country from 1921 to 1996 (in a one-party system until 1990). The party was out of power for the first time in the 1996 parliamentary elections, when the opposition Democratic Union Coalition held the majority for four years. However, after many political crises and unpopularity, the coalition lost much of its seats to the MPRP in the 2000 election. Subsequently, the Democratic Party was founded in 2000 through the merger of five parties… Mongolia maintains many many diplomatic missions and embassies in other countries. Foreign relations traditionally focus on its two large neighbors, Russia and China. Mongolia is economically dependent on these countries: China is its largest export partner at a 78% share, far above the other top countries (Switzerland at 15%; Singapore 3%). Mongolia receives 36% of imports from China and 29% from Russia. Mongolia is pursuing a trilateral partnership with China and Russia through the Power of Siberia 2 natural gas pipeline, with a contract to be signed in the "near future" according to Russian Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak. Due to China's status as Mongolia's most important trading partner, Mongolia has been trying to stay out of the current US-China confrontation.

Pronunciation: * * <ref name="seltzer">{{R:en:Seltzer:1952|entry=Mongolia|page=1967|col=3|text=Tuva Autonomous Oblast or Tuvinian Autonomous Oblast (to͞o′vu̇), Formerly known as Uryankhai Territory, part of Chinese Empire; Russian protectorate (1912-21); declared independent (1921) as Tannu-Tuva (after 1934, simply Tuva) People's Republic; }}</ref> * *

The Mongolian Empire, which reigned over the Eurasia Continent, was a great empire in the Middle Ages. Now, however, it is a divided nation, with a current population of about 10 million people, all of whom are distributed throughout the region, which makes contact with borders of the east, west, north, and south of (Outer) Mongolia. This book aims to offer a thrilling exploration of Mongolia’s past, present, and future in the context of Mongolians in the 20th century. This book details the region’s historical development for the first half of the 20th century by tracing Mongolia’s history with rare materials. In addition, the relationships between both Inner Mongolia and China, and Outer Mongolia and Russia, are analyzed in-depth. Then, accounting for the second half of the 20th century, the author offers an in-depth analysis of Inner and Outer Mongolia, which have changed greatly since the era of reform and their opening-up. These exciting analyses are based on field surveys conducted by the author every year since 1990. Through synthesizing forty years of studies on Mongolia, including field surveys, the author analyzes the modern relationship between Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia, organized by subject and period. Also, the author argues that a unified Mongolia could become a serious threat to neighboring countries, such as China and Russia, in part because Mongolians are gathering under a spiritual leader named Chinggis Khan. Therefore, the question pursued in this book is: How can modern-day Mongolian achieve cohesion, thereby re-establishing a unified Mongolia? In response, this book argues that unification could be attained by linking Mongolia’s economic development, political stability, and maintenance of cultural identity, and to do so based on "Chinggiskhanism" in a post-reform era. In this comprehensive 20th-century history of Mongolia, readers not only can come to understand why Mongolia became divided into two regions, Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia, but also readers will come to understand Mongolia’s socio-cultural relationship with China. Truly, this book can serve readers as an opportunity to better understand the "development of relations for former glory between Mongolian peoples" based on the change in relationship between Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia after undergoing significant reforms and opening up.